Haemulon scudderii — Details

Grey Grunt learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: grunt (English), ronco (Espanol), burro (Espanol), roncador (Espanol)
 
Haemulon scudderii Gill, 1862


Mojarra grunt,     Golden-eye grunt,     Grey grunt



Body oblong, compressed; mouth slightly oblique, opens at level below eye, lips not fleshy; underside of chin with 2 large pores, 2 pores in a deep hole, and a central groove; gill rakers 15-21 (usually 17-19); preoperculum finely serrated, without spines; dorsal fin continuous, with small to moderate notch in middle, XI-XII, 14-17; anal rays III, 7-8; tail forked; soft dorsal and anal densely scaled nearly to the edge of the fin; lateral-line scales 46-50; scales above the lateral line in lines oblique to body axis; 5-6 (usually 5) scale rows between lateral line and 1st  dorsal spine.



Silvery to dusky silver-grey; sides covered with small blackish spots, one per scale, forming discontinuous lines; no dark spot at base of caudal fin; fins whitish to dusky blackish; juveniles with dark midlateral stripe converging with black spot at base of caudal fin and second stripe from upper part of eye to dorsal surface of caudal peduncle.

Maximum size, 35 cm.

Habitat: often in large aggregations which hover near rocky reefs during the day.

Depth: 1-30 m.

Southern Baja and the central California to Ecuador, including the Galapagos.

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Biology

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Forms schools above rocky, boulder strewn reefs, slopes, and hard substrate with good water movement (Ref. 5227).
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from southern Baja and the central Gulf of California to Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 1 (S) - 30 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands.
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 35.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 350 mm ---
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Max. size

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35.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9114))
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Diagnostic Description

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Body oblong, compressed, and deep (depth contained 2.3 to 2.7 times in standard length); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located at the same level as the anterior edge of the pupil; first gill arch with 15 to 22 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 11 to 12 spines and 14 to 17 soft rays (XI-XII, 14-17); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line oblique; body silvery gray; each scale bearing a dark spot;; the spots appearing to form lines following the scale series; fins charcoal gray (Ref.. 55763).
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Type Information

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Syntype; Paralectotype for Haemulon scudderii Gill
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): J. Xantus
Locality: Cape St. Lucas, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Hong, S. L. 1977. Copeia. 1977 (3): 496.; Paralectotype: Gill, T. N. 1862. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 14 (3-4): 253.
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Syntype; Lectotype for Haemulon scudderii Gill
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): J. Xantus
Locality: Cape St. Lucas, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Hong, S. L. 1977. Copeia. 1977 (3): 496.; Lectotype: Gill, T. N. 1862. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 14 (3-4): 253.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This reef-associated species forms schools above rocky, boulder strewn reefs, slopes, and hard substrate with strong currents or tides (Humann and Deloach 1993) to depths of 30m. It can also be found over sand and rubble, exposed shallow rocky reefs as well as madreporic branching corals in Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama (Dominici-Arosemena and Wolff, 2006).

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 32 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.3 - 84
  Temperature range (°C): 20.901 - 21.311
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 0.270
  Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 34.257
  Oxygen (ml/l): 5.074 - 5.178
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 0.446
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 4.219

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.3 - 84

Temperature range (°C): 20.901 - 21.311

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 0.270

Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 34.257

Oxygen (ml/l): 5.074 - 5.178

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 0.446

Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 4.219
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 3 - 40m.
From 3 to 40 meters.

Habitat: reef-associated.
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Environment

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reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 40 m (Ref. 5227), usually 3 - 12 m (Ref. 5227)
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Rocks, Reef and soft bottom, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom), Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Sand & gravel, Estuary, Mangrove

FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated
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Trophic Strategy

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Forms schools above rocky, boulder strewn reefs, slopes, and hard substrate with good water movement (Ref. 5227). Carnivore (Ref. 57615).
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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves, octopus/squid/cuttlefish, bony fishes
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Haemulon scudderii

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 9
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode data: Haemulon scudderi

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.   Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.  Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
 
GBGC7652-09|EU697542|Haemulon scudderi| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGGGCTGGCATAGTAGGAACAGCCCTA---AGCCTGCTAATCCGAGCAGAACTAAGCCAACCAGGCGCACTCCTAGGGGAC---GACCAAATTTATAACGTAATTGTTACTGCGCATGCGTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTCTCATTGGAGGATTCGGAAACTGACTCGTCCCCCTAATG---ATTGGAGCGCCCGACATGGCATTCCCCCGGATGAATAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTCCCCCCTTCTTTCCTTCTCCTTCTCGCCTCTTCAGGAGTAGAGGCCGGGGCTGGGACTGGGTGAACTGTCTACCCTCCCTTAGCTGGTAACCTAGCGCACGCCGGAGCATCAGTTGATCTT---ACAATTTTCTCCCTCCACCTAGCAGGGGTCTCATCCATCCTCGGGGCCATTAACTTCATCACAACGATTATTAACATGAAACCTCCCGCTATCTCGCAGTACCAAACTCCCCTGTTCGTATGATCGGTCCTCGTAACTGCCGTACTCCTTCTTCTGTCCCTCCCAGTACTCGCGGCT---GGCATTACGATGCTGCTTACGGACCGAAACCTAAACACCACTTTCTTCGACCCCGCCGGAGGAGGTGATCCCATTCTTTATCAACATCTC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-- end --

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Haemulon scudderi

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Allen, G., Robertson, R.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and common in at least part of its range. There are no known major threats to this species, and no current indication of population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is locally common in many parts of its range.

A survey made in Gulf Dulce, Costa Rica, showed a mean density of 0.027±0.096 ind/ m2 for this species 0.730% of relative abundance (Figueroa, 2001). This species was not found in surveys made at Los Islotes, Gulf of California (Aburto-Oropeza and Balart, 2001) and Gorgona Island coral reefs, Colombia (Zapata and Morales, 1997; Rubio, 1986). The mean density found at Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, was <0.01 ind./ m2 (Dominici-Arosemena et al. 2005). In Bahía de Navidad, Jalisco, México, this fish was captured 7 times within 12 (one each month) field trips throughout a year (Rojo-Vázquez et al. 2001). This species was studied in different sites at Galapagos archipelago, with an overall mean abundance of 6 ind./500 m2 (Edgar et al. 2004).

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species. This species is considered important for commercial fisheries in Gulf of Montijo, Panama (Vega, 2004). Populations of haemulid species (Orthopristis spp., Anisotremus interruptus and A. scapularis, Haemulon scudderi) declined more than 50% during 1997/98 El Nino, but populations recovered over the subsequent two year period.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: commercial
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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