The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. Budd, G.C. (2001) Alcyonium digitatum. Dead man's fingers. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. [On-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. (November, 2003) http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Alcyoniumdigitatum.htm
• 2. Fish, J.D. and Fish, S. (1989) A student's guide to the seashore. Unwin Hyman Ltd., London.
• 3. Gibson, R., Hextall, B. and Rogers, A. (2001) Photographic Guide to the Sea & Shore Life of Britain and North-west Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Allmon, R.A. & Sebens, K.P., (1988). Feeding biology and ecological impact of an introduced nudibranch Tritonia plebia, New England, USA. Marine Biology, 99, 375-385.
• Bradshaw, C., Veale, L.O., Hill, A.S. & Brand, A.R., (2000). The effects of scallop dredging on gravelly seabed communities. In: Effects of fishing on non-target species and habitats (ed. M.J. Kaiser & de S.J. Groot), pp. 83-104. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
• Cairns, Stephen D., Dale R. Calder, Anita Brinckmann-Voss, Clovis B. Castro, Daphne G. Fautin,.. 2002. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora, Second Edition, 2002. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 28. xi + 115
• Ceccatty, M.P., Buisson, B. & Gargouil, Y. M., (1963). Rhythmes naturels et réactions motrices chez Alcyonium digitatum Linn. Et Veretillum cynomorium Cuv. Compte rendu des Séances de la Societé de Biologie, 157, 616-618.
• Crisp, D.J. (ed.), (1964). The effects of the severe winter of 1962-63 on marine life in Britain. Journal of Animal Ecology, 33, 165-210.
• Davoult, D., (1990). Biofaciès et structure trophique du peuplement des cailloutis du Pas de Calais (France). Océanologica Acta, 13, 335-348.
• Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
• Gili, J-M. & Hughes, R.G., (1995). The ecology of marine benthic hydroids. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 33, 351-426.
• Graham, A., (1988). Molluscs: prosobranchs and pyramellid gastropods (2nd ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys. [Synopses of the British Fauna No. 2]
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Harms, J. , 1993. Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuch. 47 1: 1-34.
• Hartnoll, R.G., (1975). The annual cycle of Alcyonium digitatum. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 3, 71-78
• Hartnoll, R.G., (1977). Reproductive strategy in two British species of Alcyonium. In Biology of benthic organisms, (ed. B.F. Keegan, P.O Ceidigh & P.J.S. Boaden), pp. 321-328. New York: Pergamon Press.
• Hartnoll, R.G., (1998). Volume VIII. Circalittoral faunal turf biotopes: An overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Scottish Association of Marine Sciences, Oban, Scotland. [UK Marine SAC Project. Natura 2000 reports.]
• Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), (1995b). Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
• Hickman, C.S., (1992). Reproduction and development of trochean gastropods. Veliger, 35, 245-272.
• Hickson, J.S., (1901). Liverpool Marine Biological Committee Memoirs Number V. Alcyonium. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 15, 92-113.
• Hickson, S.J., (1892). Some preliminary notes on the anatomy and habits of Alcyonium digitatum. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 7, 305-308
• Hickson, S.J., (1895). The anatomy of Alcyonium digitatum. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 37, 343-388.
• Hill, A.S., Brand, A.R., Veale, L.O. & Hawkins, S.J., (1997). Assessment of the effects of scallop dredging on benthic communities. Final Report to MAFF, Contract CSA 2332, Liverpool: University of Liverpool
• Hiscock, H., (1985b). Aspects of the ecology of rocky sublittoral areas. In The Ecology of Rocky Coasts: essays presented to J.R. Lewis, D.Sc. (ed. P.G. Moore & R. Seed), pp. 290-328. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.
• Hiscock, K., (1983). Water movement. In Sublittoral ecology. The ecology of shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. R. Earll & D.G. Erwin), pp. 58-96. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
• ILVO epifauna en demersale visdata: epifauna en demersale vismonitoring op het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee sinds 1979
• Kaiser, M.J., Ramsay, K., Richardson, C.A., Spence, F.E. & Brand, A.R., (2000). Chronic fishing disturbance has changed shelf sea benthic community structure. Journal of Animal Ecology, 69, 494-503.
• Land J. van der (ed) (†) (2013). URMO: UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (version Nov 2008). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.
• Leloup, E. (1952). Coelentérés [Coelenterata]. ---. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique: Brussels, Belgium. 283 pp.
• Leloup, E. (1952). Contributions à l'étude de la faune belge: 19. Observation sur la crevette grise au large de la côte belge en 1949 [Contribution to the study on the Belgian fauna: 19. Observation on the brown shrimp along the Belgian coast in 1949]. Med. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. 18(1): 1-28
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Mackie, A.M., (1987). Preliminary studies on the chemical defences of the British octocorals Alcyonium digitatum and Pennatula phosphorea. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 86A, 629-632
• Manuel, R.L., (1988). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press.[Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 18.]
• Marchetti, R., (1992). The problems of the Emalia Romagna coastal waters: facts and interpretations. Science of the Total Environment, Supplement 1992, 21-33.
• Matthews, A., (1917). The development of Alcyonium digitatum with some notes on early colony formation. Quarterly Journal of Microscopial Science, 62, 43-94.
• McFadden, C.S., Donahue, R., Hadland, B.K. & Weston, R., (2000). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of reproductive trait evolution in the soft coral genus Alcyonium. Evolution, 55, 54-67.
• Migné, A. & Davoult, D., (1995b). Multi-scale heterogeneity in a macrobenthic epifauna community. Hydrobiologia, 300/301, 375-381.
• Migné, A., Davoult, D., Janquin, M.A. & Kupka, A., (1996). Biometrics, carbon and nitrogen content in two Cnidarians: Urticina felina and Alcyonium digitatum. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 76, 595-602.
• Moore, J., (1995). The marine inlets of south west Britain: an overview. Report to the JNCC from the Field Studies Research Council., Field Studies Research Council.
• Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Picton, B. E. & Morrow, C.C., (1994). A Field Guide to the Nudibranchs of the British Isles. London: Immel Publishing Ltd.
• Pipe, A., (1981). North Sea fouling organisms and their potential effects on the corrosion of North Sea structures. London:
• Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
• Riedl, R., (1971). Water movement, Animals. In Marine Ecology, Vol.1, Environmental factors, (ed. O. Kinne), pp. 1123-1149. New York: John Wiley.
• Roushdy, H.M. & Hansen, V.K., (1961). Filtration of phytoplankton by the octocoral Alcyonium digitatum L. Nature, 190, 649-650.
• Sebens, K.P., (1983). The larval and juvenile ecology of the temperate octocoral Alcyonium siderium Verril. I. Substratum selection by benthic larvae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 71, 73-89.
• Sell, D., (1992). Marine fouling. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B - Biological Sciences, 100, 169-184.
• Smith, J.E. (ed.), (1968). 'Torrey Canyon'. Pollution and marine life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Stock, J.H., (1988). Lamippidae (Copepoda : Siphonostomatoida) parasitic in Alcyonium. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 68, 351-359.
• Van Beneden, P. J. 1867a. Recherches sur la faune littorale de Belgique (polypes). Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Belgique 36: 1-207, plates I-XIX.
• Watling, L., P. Auster (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium, Erlangen, Germany, September 2003. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 279-296.
• Zühlke, R.; Alvsvåg, J.; De Boois, I.; Cotter, J.; Ehrich, S.; Ford, A.; Hinz, H.; Jarre-Teichmann, A.; Jennings, S.; Kröncke, I.; Lancaster, J.; Piet, G.; Prince, P. (2001). Epibenthic diversity in the North Sea. Senckenb. Marit. 31(2): 269-281
• de Kluijver, M.J., (1993). Sublittoral hard-substratum communities off Orkney and St Abbs (Scotland). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73, 733-754.
• van Ofwegen, L. (2013). Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125333 on 2013-03-02
• van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 104-105