The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Boney, A.D., (1971). Sub-lethal effects of mercury on marine algae. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2, 69-71.
• Brosnan, D.M. & Crumrine, L.L., (1994). Effects of human trampling on marine rocky shore communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 177, 79-97.
• Bryan, G.W., (1984). Pollution due to heavy metals and their compounds. In Marine Ecology: A Comprehensive, Integrated Treatise on Life in the Oceans and Coastal Waters, vol. 5. Ocean Management, part 3, (ed. O. Kinne), pp.1289-1431. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• Coppejans, E. (1998). Flora van de Noord-Franse en Belgische zeewieren [Marine algae of northern France and Belgium]. Nationale Plantentuin van België: Meise, Belgium. ISBN 90-72619-41-2. 462 pp.
• Guiry, M.D. & Blunden, G., (1991). Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential. Chicester: John Wiley & Sons.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Guiry, M.D. (2001). Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38
• Guiry, M.D. (2012). Palmaria palmata. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2012). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed through: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2012). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=145771 on 2012-05-22
• Hardy, F.G. & Guiry, M.D., (2003). A check-list and atlas of the seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. London: British Phycological Society
• Hawkins, S.J. & Harkin, E., (1985). Preliminary canopy removal experiments in algal dominated communities low on the shore and in the shallow subtidal on the Isle of Man. Botanica Marina, 28, 223-30.
• Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., (1983). Grazing of intertidal algae by marine invertebrates. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 21, 195-282.
• Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C., (1996). Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.
• Hoare, R. & Hiscock, K., (1974). An ecological survey of the rocky coast adjacent to the effluent of a bromine extraction plant. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 2, 329-348.
• Irvine, L.M., (1983). Seaweeds of the British Isles vol. 1.Rhodophyta Part 2A. Cryptonemiales (sensu stricto), Palmariales, Rhodymeniales. London: British Museum (Natural History).
• Jorde, I., (1966). Algal associations of a coastal area south of Bergen, Norway. Sarsia, 23, 1-52.
• Kain, J.M., & Norton, T.A., (1990). Marine Ecology. In Biology of the Red Algae, (ed. K.M. Cole & Sheath, R.G.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Kinne, O. (ed.), (1972). Marine Ecology: A Comprehensive, Integrated Treatise on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters,Vol.1, Environmental Factors, part 3. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Meer van der, J.P. & Chen, C-M., (1979). Evidence for sexual reproduction in the red algae Palmaria palmata and Halosaccion ramentaceum. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57, 2452-2459.
• Morgan, K.C. & Simpson, F.J., (1981). The cultivation of Palmaria palmata: effect of light intensity and temperature on growth and chemical composition. Botanica Marina, 24, 547-552.
• Morgan, K.C., Shacklock, P.F. & Simpson, F.J., (1980). Some aspects of the culture of Palmaria palmata in greenhouse tanks. Botanica Marina, 23, 765-770.
• Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Norton, T.A., (1992). Dispersal by macroalgae. British Phycological Journal, 27, 293-301.
• O'Brien, P.J. & Dixon, P.S., (1976). Effects of oils and oil components on algae: a review. British Phycological Journal, 11, 115-142.
• Robbins, J.V., (1978). Effects of physical and chemical factors on photosynthetic and respiratory rates of Palmaria palmata (Florideophyceae), In Proceedings of the ninth International Seaweed Symposium, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 20-27 August 1977, (ed. Jensen, A. & Stein, J.R.), 273-283. Science Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
• Schonbeck, M.W. & Norton, T.A., (1978). Factors controlling the upper limits of fucoid algae on the shore. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 31, 303-313.
• Schonbeck, M.W. & Norton, T.A., (1979). An investigation of drought avoidance in intertidal fucoid algae. Botanica Marina, 22, 133-144.
• Stegenga, H.; Mol, I. (1983). Flora van de Nederlandse zeewieren [Flora of the Dutch seaweeds]. Natural History Library of the KNNV, 33. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging (KNNV): Hoogwoud, The Netherlands. 263 pp.
• Vadas, R.L., Johnson, S. & Norton, T.A., (1992). Recruitment and mortality of early post-settlement stages of benthic algae. British Phycological Journal, 27, 331-351.
• Vanderperren, J.-P. (1991). Natural History Archive [Natuurhistorisch Archief]. De Strandvlo 11(4): 101-108
• d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1990). Notes on some organisms collected between Wenduine and De Haan on 3 March 1990 [Notes sur quelques organismes recueillis entre Wenduine et De Haan le 3 mars 1990]. De Strandvlo 10(3): 74-78
• van den Hoek, C., Mann, D.G. & Jahns, H.M., (1995). Algae: an introduction to phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• van der Meer, J.P. & Todd, E.R., (1980). The life history of Palmaria palmata in culture. A new type for the Rhodophyta Canadian Journal of Botany, 58, 1250-1256.