The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

  • Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  • Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
  • Bent, A. 1992. Life Histories of North American Woodpeckers. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
  • BirdLife International 2009. Picoides scalaris
  • Clapp et al. (1983) Longevity records of North American birds: Columbidae through Paridae. J Field Ornithol, 54:123-137.
  • Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
  • Kaufman, K. 2000. Birds of North America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Koenig, W., P. Stacey, M. Stanback, R. Mumme. 1995. Acorn woodpecker : Melanerpes formicivorus. Pp. 1 - 24 in A Poole, F Gill, eds. Birds of North America, No. 194. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C..
  • Lowther, P. 2000. Nuttall's woodpecker : Picoides nuttallii. Pp. 1-12 in A Poole, F Gill, eds. Birds of North America, No. 555. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union.
  • Lowther, P. 2001. Ladder-backed woodpecker : Picoides scalaris. Pp. 1-12 in A Poole, F Gill, eds. Birds of North America, No. 565. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union.
  • Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
  • P. G. Howes, The Giant Cactus Forest and Its World: A Brief Biology of the Giant Cactus Forest of Our American Southwest (Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York; Little, Brown, Boston; 1954), from pp. 222-239, from p. 227.
  • Short, L. 1982. Woodpeckers of the World. Greenville, Delaware: Delaware Museum of Natural History , Foris Publications.

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