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Overview
Distribution
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Breeding
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Global Range: BREEDS: western Colorado, southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and western Texas south through highlands of Mexico, Guatemala, western El Salvador and Honduras to north-central Nicaragua. WINTERS: Sonora and Chihuahua south through breeding range. RESIDENT: central Costa Rica to western Panama.
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Physical Description
Size
Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
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Comments: Humid montane forest (primarily in edge and clearings) pastures, open woodland, pine-oak association and scrubby areas (Subtropical and Temperate zones) (AOU 1983). See Johnsgard (1983) for more detail on specific areas. Nests in trees or shrubs, 3-16 m above ground. Often nests near streams, usually fairly high in trees. (Johnsgard 1983, Terres 1980).
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Migration
Non-Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration.
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Breeding populations in southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico move south for winter; arrives in Arizona and Texas mostly in April, departs in fall (rarely may occur in U.S. in winter) (Johnsgard 1983). In Mexico and Central America may move to lower elevations in nonbreeding season.
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Trophic Strategy
Comments: Feeds on nectar as well as insects and spiders. Important food sources include: Cirsium, Penstemon, Centropogon, AGAVE, etc. Often captures insects near tree foliage (e.g., pines, sycamores). Can be independent of nectar sources.
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General Ecology
Maintains territory in some areas, "trapliner" in other areas (see Johnsgard 1983).
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Life History and Behavior
Life Expectancy
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
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Reproduction
Egg dates: May-July in Arizona; nesting season is longer in south (March-November in Guatamala). Clutch size is 2.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Eugenes fulgens
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Eugenes fulgens
Public Records: 3
Species: 12
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
History
- 2008Least Concern
- 2004Least Concern
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N4B - Apparently Secure
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
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Wikipedia
Magnificent Hummingbird
The Magnificent Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) is a large hummingbird that breeds in mountains from the southwestern United States to western Panama. It is the only member of the genus Eugenes, although the northern, nominate subspecies E. fulgens fulgens has on occasion been separated from the larger, southern race of Costa Rica and Panama, E. fulgens spectabilis,[2] as Rivoli's Hummingbird.
This bird inhabits the edges and clearings of montane oak forests from about 2000 meters to the timberline. It is 13 centimeters long. The male weighs 10 grams and the female 8.5. The black bill is long and straight to slightly curved. Both sexes look very dark unless the sun catches the iridescence of the plumage and the brilliant colors flash in the sunlight.
The adult male is green-bronze dorsally, becoming more bronzed on the black-tipped tail. The crown is violet, the throat gorget bright blue-green, and the rest of the head black apart from a white spot behind the eye. The chest is green-bronze and the belly greyish.
The female Magnificent Hummingbird is bronze-green dorsally and has a dull grey ventral coloring. There is a white stripe behind her eye. Immature birds are like the female, but darker and browner.
The female is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in her bulky cup nest about 3 meters up near the tip of a descending branch stem. Incubation takes 15–19 days, and fledging another 20–26.
The food of this species is nectar, taken from a variety of flowers, and some small insects. Magnificent Hummingbird males perch conspicuously and defend their feeding territories aggressively. The call of this species is a guttural drrrk.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2004). Eugenes fulgens. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 06 May 2006.
- ^ Powers, Donald R. (1996). "Magnificent Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens)". In Poole, A. The Birds of North America Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bna.221. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/221. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Stiles, F. Gary; and Alexander F. Skutch. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica, 1995. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4
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Names and Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Comments: Previously called Rivoli's Hummingbird (AOU 1998). Composed of two groups sometimes considered separate species: E. FULGENS (Magnificent or Rivoli's Hummingbird) and E. SPECTABILIS (Admirable Hummingbird) (AOU 1983). Placed in genus Heliodoxa in Johnsgard (1983).
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