Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

The Crested Lark is well distinguished from other larks by the larger size and quite large crest on the head. Adult males and females are similar on color. The crown is brownish, grayish or grey buffy-tinged; with brownish streaks broader and darker on the crest. The nape and mantle are brownish or pale-brown-grey with faint brownish streaks. The uppertail is without streaks, often with fine buffy tinge. The supercilium is broad off-white. Two lines of little brownish spots continue from the low mandible on neck sides. The ear coverts are brownish or pale-brownish-grey. The throat is off-white. The breast is off-white with large brown streaks. The belly and undertail are white. The flanks are pale streaked. The upperwing coverts are brownish with broad pale edges. The flight feathers are dark-brownish or pale-brownish with broad pale edges. The axillaries and underwing coverts are pinkish-buffy. The central tail feathers are slightly narrow grayish ended; the second from center pair is darker brownish-grey; the third, fourth and fifth pairs are black-brownish; the outer webs of the fifth pair are pale-buffy; the outer sixth pair is grey-buffy with brownish shaft and base of the inner web. In winter plumage the webs of the coverts are broader and general color is lighter. Females are distinguished from males by the less size and less crest. Juveniles are brownish white spotted. On juvenile's growing the white spots on the feathers tips worn and become less.

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Physical Description

Size

Size

Length: 180-190 mm. Male wing length: 98.2-114 mm. Male tail length: 63-78 mm. Female wing length: 97.3-111 mm. Female tail length: 63.8-81.1 mm. Weight: 24-51 g.

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Systems
  • Terrestrial
  • Marine
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Habitat

Inhabits deserts and low grassed semi-deserts, along roads, around villages, farms, and in foothills up to 1800-1900 m, rarely in saline habitats. Winters mostly near human settlements. Appears at breeding grounds very early, in southern areas from late February to early March, northern areas in March, in couples or small groups.

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Life History and Behavior

Behavior

Behaviour

It eats mostly seeds. Gladly eats grains of millet, wheat, rye, barley; but eats it from the ground only because cannot take grains from the ears.

Nest is built on the ground in a shallow scrape under low vegetation and is constructed of dry grass stems and rootlets lined with scraps of vegetation. Clutches of three to six, more often of four to five eggs, found from early April to early June. Only female incubates, for 10 to 12 days. Both parents feed juveniles, which fledge in mid May to early July. Two broods reared per year, repeated breeding after loss of first nest is common. Autumn movement in small groups begins from late August to early September.

The Crested Lark is one only Lark attached to human rather to cattle. On winter the Crested Lark never migrates. This time it most often resides at road sides; near horse dung and hay cratches. The specific features of the Crested Lark that it is almost not afraid the human and never joined in large flocks, even in winter and autumn.

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Life Expectancy

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

Maximum longevity: 6 years (wild)
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Galerida cristata

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
 
KBPBU511-06|UWBM 56595|Galerida cristata| ------------------------------------------CTCTACCTAATCTTCGGCGCATGAGCCGGGATGGTAGGTACCGCCCTA---AGCCTCCTCATCCGAGCAGAACTAGGCCAACCCGGCGCTCTGCTAGGAGAC---GACCAAATCTACAACGTAATCGTCACAGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTCATACCAATTATGATCGGAGGCTTCGGAAACTGACTAGTACCACTGATA---ATTGGCGCACCAGACATAGCATTCCCACGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTACCCCCATCCTTCCTTCTCCTACTAGCCTCCTCCACAGTTGAAACAGGTGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACAGTATACCCCCCACTAGCCGGCAACCTAGCCCACGCTGGAGCGTCAGTCGACCTG---GCCATCTTCTCCCTGCACCTAGCAGGCATTTCATCAATCCTAGGGGCCATCAACTTCATCACCACAGCCATCAACATAAAACCACCTGCCCTTTCCCAATACCAAACGCCCCTATTTGTGTGATCAGTCCTAATCACCGCCGTACTCCTACTCCTATCCCTCCCCGTCCTAGCTGCT---GGCATCACCATGCTACTTACCGACCGCAACCTCAACACCACCTTCTTCGATCCTGCGGGCGGGGGAGACCCAGTGCTATACCAACACTTATTCTGATTCTTCGGTCACCCAGAAGTCTACATCCTAATCCTT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
-- end --

Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Galerida cristata

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 9
Species: 9
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2009

Assessor/s
BirdLife International

Reviewer/s
Bird, J., Butchart, S.

Contributor/s

Justification
This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

History
  • 2008
    Least Concern
  • 2004
    Least Concern
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Status in Egypt

Resident breeder.

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IUCN

Least Concern.

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Population

Population
In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 3600000-7600000 breeding pairs, equating to 10800000-22800000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). Europe forms 25-49% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 22000000-91200000 individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.
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Wikipedia

Crested Lark

The Crested Lark, Galerida cristata, breeds across most of temperate Eurasia from Portugal to northeast China and eastern India, and in Africa south to Niger. It is non-migratory, and the sedentary nature of this species is illustrated by the fact that it is only a very rare vagrant to Great Britain, despite breeding as close as northern France.

This is a common bird of dry open country and cultivation. It nests on the ground, laying two or three eggs. Its food is weed seeds and insects, the latter especially in the breeding season.

This is a smallish lark, slightly larger and plumper than the Skylark. It has a long spiky erectile crest. It is greyer than the Skylark, and lacks the white wing and tail edges of that species.

In flight it shows reddish underwings. The body is mainly dark-streaked grey above and whitish below. The song is melodious and varied, with mournful whistles and mimicry included.

Some care must be taken to distinguish this lark, which has many subspecies, from its close relatives in areas where they also occur. In the west of its range the Thekla Lark, Galerida theklae, is very similar, as is the Malabar Lark, Galerida malabarica, in western India.

References

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