Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
These are small to medium-sized flies that can hover motionless in the air. They usually mimic bees or wasps, often with black and yellow stripes along the abdomen. The proboscis is short, therefore Syrphid flies tend to visit smaller flowers with short nectar tubes in sunny places. At larger flowers, some Syrphid flies feed on stray pollen, while other species are attracted to salty perspiration. These latter species are sometimes called "Sweat Bees," which is a misnomer. Depending on the species, the larvae feed on aphids and other insects, or they may scavenge for dead animal material in moist soil, or they may feed in water that is rich in organic decomposition. There are numerous species in this family. As a group, Syrphid flies are probably the most common and important pollinators of prairie wildflowers among the various families of flies.
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Hilty, J. Editor. 2013. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. illinoiswildflowers.info, version (05/2013)
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations
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Distribution
Geographic Range
This family of flies is found all over the world, and there are thousands of species. Nobody knows exactly how many species there are in Michigan or in the whole Great Lakes region, but it is probably more than 150.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native ); oriental (Native ); ethiopian (Native ); neotropical (Native ); australian (Native ); oceanic islands (Introduced )
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Physical Description
Morphology
Physical Description
Adult flies of many species in this family are mimics of bees or wasps. They are mostly black with yellow or orange stripes. A few others are brown, or metallic green or blue (these may also be mimics of bees). They have large eyes and short mouthparts formed into a tube with a sponge at the end. Their bodies may be slim or stout and are sometimes flattened top-to-bottom. Some species wag they abdomens up and down when they land. Like all flies they only have two wings, their hind wings are reduced (see More Information about True Flies for more).
Larvae are more variable. They are all legless and headless, but some aquatic species have long breathing tubes on their hind ends, some have tough skins, some look like little slugs. Color varies from white to brown to green.
Range length: 4.0 to 25.0 mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; female larger
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Ecology
Habitat
Adult Flower Flies are found (surprise!) around flowers. They are also found near places where their larvae might live and feed and this is variable (see below).
Flower Fly larvae live in many different types of habitats. Some live in still or slow-moving freshwater, some live in decaying wood, some live in dung, some on plants, and some in the nests of other insects.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; polar ; terrestrial ; freshwater
Terrestrial Biomes: tundra ; taiga ; desert or dune ; chaparral ; forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest ; mountains
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams
Wetlands: marsh ; swamp ; bog
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Trophic Strategy
Food Habits
Adult flower flies feed on nectar from flowers and from aphid "honeydew" (see Aphididae).
The larvae of different species feed on different kinds of food. Some feed on decaying, damp plant material, on fungi or on green plants, some on the bulbs of plants in the lily family, some in dung. Many are aquatic and live in shallow freshwater (sometimes in water that seems foul and polluted), some in water-filled treeholes. Some species are scavengers in the nests of ants or wasps. Some of the most amazing are predators on slow-moving, soft-skinned insects like Aphididae. These predators have no eyes and no legs, but they still hunt and eat these little insects.
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Associations
larva of Campocraspedon caudatus is parasitoid of aphidivorous larva of Syrphidae
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / parasitoid
larva of Diplazontinae is parasitoid of (mostly aphidivorous) larva of Syrphidae
Other: major host/prey
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Animal / parasitoid
larva of Phthorima compressa is parasitoid of aphidivorous larva of Syrphidae
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / predator
pitcher of Sarracenia flava is predator of adult of Syrphidae
Remarks: captive: in captivity, culture, or experimentally induced
Other: major host/prey
Animal / predator
larva of Syrphidae is predator of larva of Gastrophysa viridula
Plant / pollenated
adult of Syrphidae pollenates or fertilises flower of Orchis militaris
Animal / predator
nymph of Troilus luridus is predator of larva of Syrphidae
Animal / parasitoid
larva of Tymmophorus rufiventris is parasitoid of aphidivorous larva of Syrphidae
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / parasitoid
larva of Woldstedtius biguttatus is parasitoid of aphidivorous larva of Syrphidae
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Ecosystem Roles
Flower Flies are imporant pollinators of many flowers. Their larvae help clean up and break down dead plants, and feed on micro-organisms.
Ecosystem Impact: pollinates
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Predation
Adult flower flies rely on their high-speed flight and their similarity to stinging insects to avoid or discourage many predators. Larvae hide in muck and mud, and some live only in small treeholes where there are not very many predators. The species that live in nests of ants and wasps have adjusted their scent so they don't smell like food, and they stay out of the way of the other insects as much as they can.
Known Predators:
- Anura (eat adults)
- Testudines (eat aquatic larvae)
- Cyprinus carpio and Pimephales notatus (eat aquatic larvae)
- Araneae, especially flower spiders (eat adults)
- mantids (eat adults)
- water boatmen (eat aquatic larvae)
- Hymenoptera (eat larvae)
- Coccinellidae (eat eggs)
- Chrysopidae (eat eggs)
- Hirudinea (eat aquatic larvae)
- Malacostraca
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Known prey organisms
Sericothrips variabilis
Based on studies in:
USA: Illinois (Agricultural)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- M. A. Mayse and P. W. Price, 1978. Seasonal development of soybean arthropod communities in east central Illinois. Agro-Ecosys. 4:387-405, from p. 402.
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Life History and Behavior
Behavior
Communication and Perception
These flies find each other by sight, sound, and maybe scent. They have good wide-angle vision to find each other and watch out for predators. They can continue to make vibration noise by moving structures in their thorax even when they are not moving or flapping their wings.
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Life Cycle
Development
Flower Flies have complete metamorphosis, see More Information under True Flies for the basic fly life cycle. In cold climates they spend the winter as larvae or pupae.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
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Life Expectancy
Lifespan/Longevity
Most Flower Flies live a year or less, but some aquatic species that live in cold climates may survive as larvae for several years before metamorphosing into adults.
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Reproduction
After mating, female flies lay their eggs in habitat suitable to their offspring's needs.
Breeding season: Spring to Fall
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
There is no parental care in this family.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage
| Specimen Records: | 15,691 | Public Records: | 872 |
| Specimens with Sequences: | 13,066 | Public Species: | 442 |
| Specimens with Barcodes: | 10,696 | Public BINs: | 200 |
| Species: | 2,096 | ||
| Species With Barcodes: | 1,660 | ||
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Barcode data
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Locations of barcode samples
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Conservation
Conservation Status
No Flower Fly species are currently known to be endangered.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
A few species of Flower Flies have larvae that damage bulbs or green plants that are valuable to humans. They are not a major agricultural pest, but they do sometimes cause damage.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
These flies can be important pollinators, and some species feed on aphids that are pests.
Positive Impacts: pollinates crops; controls pest population
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Wikipedia
Hoverfly
Hoverflies, sometimes called flower flies or syrphid flies, make up the insect family Syrphidae. As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or nectaring at flowers; the adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae (maggots) eat a wide range of foods. In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores and prey on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.
Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year; because of this, aphidophagous hoverflies are being recognized as important natural enemies of pests, and potential agents for use in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators.
About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Hoverflies are harmless to most other animals despite their mimicry of more dangerous wasps and bees, which serves to ward off predators.
Contents |
Description
The size of hoverflies varies, depending on the species.[1] Some, like members of the genus Baccha, are small, elongate and slender, while others, like members of Criorhina are large, hairy, and yellow and black. As members of Diptera, all hoverflies have a single functional pair of wings (the hindwings are reduced to balancing organs).[2] They are brightly colored, with spots, stripes, and bands of yellow or brown covering their bodies.[2] Due to this coloring, they are often mistaken for wasps or bees; they exhibit Batesian mimicry. Despite this, hoverflies are harmless.[1]
With a few exceptions (e.g.[3]), hoverflies are distinguished from other flies by a spurious vein, located parallel to the fourth longitudinal wing vein.[1] Adults feed mainly on nectar and pollen.[2] They also hover around flowers, lending to their common name.[1]
Reproduction and life cycle
Unlike adults, the maggots of hoverflies feed on a variety of foods; some are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant or animal matter, while others are insectivores, eating aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.[1] This is beneficial to gardens, as aphids destroy crops, and hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control. Certain species, such as Lampetia equestris or Eumerus tuberculatus, are responsible for pollination.
An example of a well-known hoverfly maggot is the rat-tailed maggot, of the drone fly, Eristalis tenax. It has a breathing siphon at its rear end, giving it its name.[1] The species lives in stagnant water, such as sewage and lagoons.[4] The maggots also have a commercial use, and are sometimes sold for ice fishing.[5]
On occasion, Hoverfly larvae have been known to cause accidental myiasis in humans. This occurs when the larva are accidentally ingested on food or from other sources. Myiasis causes discomfort, pain, or itching,[4][6] however, Hoverflies do not normally prey upon humans and cases of myiasis from Hoverflies is very rare.
Distribution and habitat
Hoverflies are a cosmopolitan family found in most biomes, except deserts, tundra at extremely high latitudes, and Antarctica.[7][8] Certain species are more common in certain areas than others; for example, the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus, is common in the Nearctic ecozone, and the common hoverfly, Melangyna viridiceps, is common in the Australasia ecozone. About 6,000 species and 200 genera are in the family.[9]
Larvae of hoverflies are often found in stagnant water. Adults are often found near plants, their principal food source being nectar and pollen.[2] Some species are found in more unusual locations; for example, members of the genus Volucella can be found in bumblebee nests, while members of Microdon are myrmecophiles, found in ant or termite nests.[1] Others can be found in decomposing vegetation.
Systematics
See Genera of Syrphidae.
Relationship with people
Many species of hoverfly larvae prey upon pest insects, including aphids and the leafhoppers, which spread some diseases such as curly top. Therefore, they are seen in biocontrol as a natural means of reducing the levels of pests.
Gardeners, therefore, will sometimes use companion plants to attract hoverflies. Those reputed to do so include alyssum, Iberis umbellata, statice, buckwheat, chamomile, parsley, and yarrow.
Identification guides
- Stubbs, A.E. and Falk, S.J. (2002) British Hoverflies An Illustrated Identification Guide. Pub. 1983 with 469 pages, 12 col plates, b/w illus.British Entomological and Natural History Society [ISBN 1-899935-05-3]. 276 species are described with extensive keys to aid identification. 190 species are displayed on the colour plates. 2nd edition, pub. 2002, includes new British species and name changes. Also includes European species which are likely to be found in Britain. There are additional black & white plates illustrating the male genitalia of the difficult genera Cheilosia and Sphaerophoria.
- Vockeroth, J.R. A revision of the genera of the Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae) Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, no. 62:1-176. Keys subfamilies, tribes and genera on a world basis and under regions.
- van Veen, M.P. |(2004) "Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae". KNNV Publishing, Utrecht. [ISBN 9050111998]
Regional Lists
- List of hoverfly species of Great Britain
- List of New Zealand Flower Flies
- List of the Flower Flies of North America
See also
- Episyrphus balteatus - marmalade fly (worldwide distribution)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Hover fly". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Hoverfly". Hutchinson Encyclopedia. Helicon Publishing. 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Reemer, Menno (2008). "Surimyia, a new genus of Microdontinae, with notes on Paragodon Thompson, 1969 (Diptera, Syrphidae)" (PDF). Zoologische Mededelingen 82: 177–188.
- ^ a b Aguilera A, Cid A, Regueiro BJ, Prieto JM, Noya M (September 1999). "Intestinal myiasis caused by Eristalis tenax". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37 (9): 3082. PMC 85471. PMID 10475752.
- ^ Dictionary of Ichthyology; Brian W. Coad and Don E. McAllister at ww.briancoad.com
- ^ Whish-Wilson PB (2000). "A possible case of intestinal myiasis due to Eristalis tenax". The Medical Journal of Australia 173 (11–12): 652. PMID 11379520.
- ^ Barkemeyer, Werner. "Syrphidae (hoverflies)". Biodiversity Explorer. South Africa: Iziko Museum. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian (August 19, 1999). "Flower Flies". The Diptera Site. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
- ^ Philip J. Scholl, E. Paul Catts & Gary R. Mullen (2009). "Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea)". In Gary Mullen, Gary Richard Mullen & Lance Durden. Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 309–338. ISBN 978-0-12-372500-4.
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Wikipedia
Unreviewed
List of the flower flies of North America
There are more than 870 species[1] of flower fly (Syrphidae) in North America .[2] The following is an attempt at a comprehensive North American list of this family of insects.
Family Syrphidae
Subfamily Syrphinae
Tribe Bacchini
Genus Baccha Fabricius
Genus Melanostoma Schiner
Genus Platycheirus Lepeletier & Serville
70 species [1]
- Platycheirus aeratus
- Platycheirus albimanus
- Platycheirus amplus
- Platycheirus angustatus
- Platycheirus carinatus
- Platycheirus ciliatus
- Platycheirus clypeatus
- Platycheirus coerulescens
- Platycheirus concinnus
- Platycheirus confusus
- Platycheirus coracinus
- Platycheirus discimanus
- Platycheirus flabellus
- Platycheirus granditarsis
- Platycheirus groenlandicus
- Platycheirus hesperius
- Platycheirus hispidipes
- Platycheirus holarcticus
- Platycheirus hyperboreus
- Platycheirus immarginatus
- Platycheirus inversus
- Platycheirus jaerensis
- Platycheirus kelloggi
- Platycheirus latitarsis
- Platycheirus latus
- Platycheirus lundbecki
- Platycheirus luteipennis
- Platycheirus manicatus
- Platycheirus modestus
- Platycheirus nearcticus
- Platycheirus nielseni
- Platycheirus nigrofemoratus
- Platycheirus nodosus
- Platycheirus normae
- Platycheirus obscurus
- Platycheirus ocarius
- Platycheirus octavus
- Platycheirus oreadis
- Platycheirus parmatus
- Platycheirus peltatoides
- Platycheirus perpallidus
- Platycheirus pilatus
- Platycheirus podagratus
- Platycheirus protrusus
- Platycheirus pullatus
- Platycheirus quadratus
- Platycheirus rosarum
- Platycheirus rufigaster
- Platycheirus rufimaculatus
- Platycheirus russatus
- Platycheirus sabulicola
- Platycheirus scamboides
- Platycheirus scambus
- Platycheirus scutatus
- Platycheirus setipes
- Platycheirus setitarsis
- Platycheirus spinipes
- Platycheirus squamulae
- Platycheirus stegnoides
- Platycheirus stegnus
- Platycheirus striatus
- Platycheirus subordinatus
- Platycheirus tenebrosus
- Platycheirus thompsoni
- Platycheirus thylax
- Platycheirus urakawensis
- Platycheirus varipes
- Platycheirus willistoni
- Platycheirus woodi
- Platycheirus yukonensis
Tribe Paragini
Genus Paragus Latreille
- Paragus arizonensis
- Paragus angustifrons
- Paragus angustistylus
- Paragus bispinosus
- Paragus cooverti
- Paragus haemorrhous
- Paragus longistylus
- Paragus variabilis
Tribe Pipizini
Genus Pipiza Fallén
Genus Heringia Róndani
- Heringia calcarata Loew, 1866
- Heringia latitarsis (Egger, 1865)
Genus Trichopsomyia Williston
- Trichopsomyia apisaon Walker, 1849
- Trichopsomyia australis (Johnson, 1907)
- Trichopsomyia litoralis Vockeroth, 1988
- Trichopsomyia nigritarsis (Curran, 1924)
- Trichopsomyia occidentalis (Townsend, 1897)
- Trichopsomyia pubescens (Loew, 1863)
- Trichopsomyia recedens (Walker, 1852)
- Trichopsomyia rufithoracica (Curran, 1921)
- Trichopsomyia similis (Curran, 1924)
Tribe Syrphini
Genus Allograpta Osten Sacken
5 species [1]
Genus Chrysotoxum Meigen
10 species [2]
- Chrysotoxum aztec
- Chrysotoxum derivatum
- Chrysotoxum flavifrons
- Chrysotoxum fasciatum
- Chrysotoxum pubescens
- Chrysotoxum ypsilon
Genus Dasysyrphus Enderlein
7 species [2]
- Dasysyrphus amalopis
- Dasysyrphus creper
- Dasysyrphus limatus
- Dasysyrphus lotus
- Dasysyrphus osborni
- Dasysyrphus pauxillus
- Dasysyrphus pinastri
- Dasysyrphus venustus
Genus Didea Macquart
2 species [2]
Genus Doros Meigen
Genus Epistrophe Walker
- Epistrophe grossulariae
- Epistrophe emarginata
- Epistrophe metcalfi
- Epistrophe nitidicollis
- Epistrophe terminalis
- Epistrophe xanthostoma
Genus Epistrophella
Genus Eriozona Schiner
Genus Eupeodes Osten Sacken
- Eupeodes americanus - American Hover Fly
- Eupeodes curtus
- Eupeodes flukei
- Eupeodes fumipennis
- Eupeodes latifasciatus
- Eupeodes luniger
- Eupeodes montivagus
- Eupeodes neoperplexus
- Eupeodes nigroventris
- Eupeodes perplexus
- Eupeodes pomus
- Eupeodes snowi
- Eupeodes volucris
Genus Lapposyrphus
Genus Leucozona Schiner
Genus Melangyna Verrall
- Melangyna arctica
- Melangyna coei
- Melangyna fisherii
- Melangyna labiatarum
- Melangyna lasiophthalma
- Melangyna subfasciata
- Melangyna umbellatarum
Genus Meligramma Frey
Genus Meliscaeva Frey
Genus Ocyptamus Macquart
14 species [2]
- Ocyptamus costatus
- Ocyptamus diversifasciatus
- Ocyptamus fascipennis
- Ocyptamus fuscipennis
- Ocyptamus lemur
- Ocyptamus parvicornis
Genus Parasyrphus Matsumura
- Parasyrphus currani
- Parasyrphus genualis
- Parasyrphus groenlandicus
- Parasyrphus insolitus
- Parasyrphus macularis
- Parasyrphus nigritarsis
- Parasyrphus relictus
- Parasyrphus semiinterruptus
- Parasyrphus tarsatus
Genus Pseudodoros Matsumura
Genus Salpingogaster Schiner
Genus Scaeva
Genus Sphaerophoria
13 species [1]
- Sphaerophoria abbreviata
- Sphaerophoria asymmetrica
- Sphaerophoria bifurcata
- Sphaerophoria brevipilosa
- Sphaerophoria contigua
- Sphaerophoria cranbrookensis
- Sphaerophoria longipilosa
- Sphaerophoria novaeanglae
- Sphaerophoria philanthus
- Sphaerophoria pyrrhina
- Sphaerophoria scripta
- Sphaerophoria sulphuripes
- Sphaerophoria weemsi
Genus Syrphus
11 species [1]
- Syrphus attenuatus
- Syrphus currani
- Syrphus intricatus
- Syrphus knabi
- Syrphus opinator
- Syrphus rectus
- Syrphus ribesii
- Syrphus sexmaculatus
- Syrphus sonorensis
- Syrphus torvus
Genus Xanthogramma
Tribe Toxomerini
Genus Toxomerus
17 species [1]
Subfamily Microdontinae
Genus Microdon
29 species [1]
Subfamily Eristalinae
Tribe Brachyopini
Genus Brachyopa
14 species
- Brachyopa cinereovittata Bigot, 1884
- Brachyopa cynops Snow, 1892
- Brachyopa daeckei Johnson, 1917
- Brachyopa diversa Johnson, 1917
- Brachyopa flavescens Shannon, 1915
- Brachyopa gigas Lovett, 1919
- Brachyopa ferruginea (Fallén, 1817)
- Brachyopa media Williston, 1882
- Brachyopa notata Osten Sacken, 1875
- Brachyopa perplexa Curran, 1922
- Brachyopa rufiabdominalis Jones, 1917
- Brachyopa vacua Osten Sacken, 1875
Genus Chrysogaster
- Chrysogaster antitheus Walker, 1849
- Chrysogaster inflatifrons Shannon, 1916
Genus Chrysosyrphus
- Chrysosyrphus alaskensis (Shannon, 1922)
- Chrysosyrphus frontosus (Bigot, 1884)
- Chrysosyrphus latus (Loew, 1863)
- Chrysosyrphus nasuta (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Chrysosyrphus nigripennis (Williston, 1882)
Genus Myolepta
7 species
- Myolepta auricaudata (Williston, 1891)
- Myolepta aurinota (Hine, 1903)
- Myolepta camillae Weems, 1956
- Myolepta lunulata Bigot, 1884
- Myolepta nigra (Loew, 1972)
- Myolepta strigilata (Loew, 1872)
- Myolepta varipes (Loew, 1869)
Genus Neoascia
- Neoascia distincta Williston, 1887
- Neoascia geniculata (Meigen, 1822)
- Neoascia globosa (Walker, 1849)
- Neoascia metallica (Williston, 1882)
- Neoascia meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763)
- Neoascia sphaerophoria Curran, 1925
- Neoascia subchalybea Curran, 1925
- Neoascia willistoni Thompson, 1986
Genus Orthonevra
- Orthonevra anniae (Sedman, 1966)
- Orthonevra bellula (Williston, 1882)
- Orthonevra flukei (Sedman, 1964)
- Orthonevra minuta (Hull, 1945)
- Orthonevra nigrovittata (Loew, 1876)
- Orthonevra nitida (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Orthonevra nitidula (Curran, 1925)
- Orthonevra parva (Shannon, 1916)
- Orthonevra pictipennis (Loew, 1863)
- Orthonevra pulchella (Williston, 1887)
- Orthonevra robusta (Shannon, 1916)
- Orthonevra sinuosa (Bigot, 1884)
- Orthonevra sonorensis (Shannon, 1964)
- Orthonevra stigmata (Williston, 1882)
- Orthonevra unicolor (Shannon, 1916)
- Orthonevra weemsi (Sedman, 1966)
Genus Sphegina
- Sphegina appalachiensis Coovert, 1977
- Sphegina biannulata Malloch, 1922
- Sphegina brachygaster Hull, 1935
- Sphegina campanulata Robertson, 1901
- Sphegina flavimana Malloch, 1922
- Sphegina flavomaculata Malloch, 1922
- Sphegina keeniana Williston, 1887
- Sphegina lobata Loew, 1863
- Sphegina lobulifera Malloch, 1922
- Sphegina petiolata Coquillett, 1910
- Sphegina rufiventris Loew, 1863
Tribe Callicerini
Genus Callicera
- Callicera duncani Curran, 1935
- Callicera erratica (Walker, 1849)
- Callicera montensis Snow, 1892
Tribe Cerioidini
Genus Ceriana
Includes Monoceromyia, Polybiomyia and Sphiximorpha
- Ceriana abbreviata Loew, 1864
- Ceriana ancoralis (Coquillett, 1902)
- Ceriana bellardii (Shannon, 1925)
- Ceriana cylindrica (Curran, 1921)
- Ceriana durani (Davidson, 1925)
- Ceriana engelhardti (Shannon, 1925)
- Ceriana floridensis (Shannon, 1922)
- Ceriana loewii (Williston, 1887)
- Ceriana macquarti Shannon, 1925
- Ceriana mime (Hull, 1935)
- Ceriana pedicellata (Williston, 1887)
- Ceriana pictula (Loew, 1853)
- Ceriana sayi (Shannon, 1925)
- Ceriana schnablei (Williston, 1892)
- Ceriana signifera (Loew, 1853)
- Ceriana snowi (Adams, 1904)
- Ceriana townsendi (Snow, 1895)
- Ceriana tridens (Loew, 1872)
- Ceriana willistoni (Kahl, 1897)
Tribe Eristalini
Genus Eristalinus
Genus Eristalis
- Eristalis aenea (Scopoli), 1763
- Eristalis agrorum (Wiedemann), 1830
- Eristalis anthophorina (Fallén, 1817)
- Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus 1758)
- Eristalis bardus (Say, 1829)
- Eristalis basilaris Macquart, 1834
- Eristalis bellardii Jeannicke, 1867)[4]
- Eristalis brousii Williston, 1882
- Eristalis calida Walker, 1849
- Eristalis dimidiata (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Eristalis dubia Macquart, 1834
- Eristalis flavipes Walker, 1849
- Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Eristalis gomonojunovae Violovitsh, 1977
- Eristalis hirta Loew, 1866
- Eristalis interrupta (Poda, 1761)
- Eristalis obscura (Loew, 1866)
- Eristalis oestracea (Linnaeus 1758)
- Eristalis parens Bigot, 1880
- Eristalis rupium Fabricius, 1805
- Eristalis saxorum Wiedemann, 1830
- Eristalis stipator Osten Sacken, 1877[4]
- Eristalis tenax (Drone Fly) (Linnaeus 1758) - Drone Fly
- Eristalis transversa (Wiedemann, 1830) - Transverse Flower Fly
Genus Helophilus
10 species [1]
- Helophilus bottnicus Wahlberg, 1844
- Helophilus fasciatus Walker, 1849
- Helophilus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1780)
- Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1846
- Helophilus intentus Curran and Fluke, 1922
- Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg, 1844
- Helophilus latifrons Loew, 1863
- Helophilus neoaffinis Fluke, 1949
- Helophilus obscurus Loew, 1863
- Helophilus oxycanus (Walker, 1852)
- Helophilus pilosus Hunter, 1897
Genus Lejops
- Lejops annulipes (Macquart, 1850)
- Lejops billinearis (Williston, 1887)
- Lejops borealis (Cole, 1921)
- Lejops chrysostomus (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Lejops cooleyi (Seamans, 1917)
- Lejops curvipes (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Lejops distinctus (Williston, 1887)
- Lejops grisescens Hull, 1943
- Lejops lineatus (Fabricius, 1787)
- Lejops lunulatus (Meigen, 1822)
- Lejops mexicanus (Macquart, 1842)
- Lejops perfidiosus (Hunter, 1897)
- Lejops polygrammus (Loew, 1872)
- Lejops willingii (Smith, 1912)
Genus Mallota
11 species [1]
- Mallota albipes Snow, 1895
- Mallota bautias (Walker, 1849)
- Mallota bequaerti Hull, 1956
- Mallota posticata (Fabricius, 1805)
- Mallota sackeni Williston, 1882
Genus Meromacrus
- Meromacrus acutus (Fabricius, 1805)
- Meromacrus croceatus Hull, 1960
- Meromacrus draco Hull, 1942e
- Meromacrus gloriosus Hull, 1941
- Meromacrus minuticornis Thompson, 2001
Genus Myathropa
Genus Palpada
- Palpada agrorum (Fabricius, 1787)
- Palpada albifrons (Wiedemann, 1840)
- Palpada alhambra (Hull, 1925)
- Palpada furcata (Wiedemann, 1819)
- Palpada mexicana (Macquart, 1847)
- Palpada minutalis (Williston, 1891)
- Palpada pusilla (Macquart, 1842)
- Palpada rufiventris (Macquart, 1846)
- Palpada vinetorum (Fabricius, 1798)
- Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805)
- Palpada texana (Hull, 1925)
- Palpada triangularis (Giglio-tos, 1892)
Genus Parhelophilus
- Parhelophilus brooksi Curran, 1927
- Parhelophilus currani Fluke, 1953
- Parhelophilus divisus (Loew, 1863)
- Parhelophilus flavifacies (Bigot, 1883)
- Parhelophilus integer (Loew, 1963)
- Parhelophilus laetus (Loew, 1963)
- Parhelophilus obsoletus (Loew, 1863)
- Parhelophilus porcus (Walker, 1849)
- Parhelophilus rex Curran and Fluke, 1922
Tribe Sericomyini
Genus Sericomyia
11 species [1]
- Sericomyia arctica Schirmer, 1913
- Sericomyia bifasciata Williston, 1887
- Sericomyia carolinensis (Metcalf, 1917)
- Sericomyia chalcopyga Loew, 1863
- Sericomyia chrysotoxoides Macquart, 1842
- Sericomyia flagrans (Osten Sacken, 1875)
- Sericomyia harveyi (Osburn, 1908)
- Sericomyia lata (Coquillett, 1907)
- Sericomyia militaris Walker, 1849
- Sericomyia nigra Portschinsky, 1873
- Sericomyia sexfasciata Walker, 1849
- Sericomyia slossonae Curran, 1934
- Sericomyia tolli (Frey, 1915)
- Sericomyia transversa (Osburn, 1926)
Genus Pyritis
Tribe Merodontini
Genus Eumerus
Genus Merodon
- Merodon equestris - Narcissus bulb fly
Genus Nausigaster
Tribe Milesini
Genus Blera
- Blera analis (Macquart, 1842)
- Blera armillata (Osten Sacken, 1875)
- Blera badia (Walker, 1849)
- Blera confusa Johnson, 1913
- Blera flukei (Curran, 1953)
- Blera garretti (Curran, 1924)
- Blera humeralis (Williston, 1882)
- Blera johnsoni (Coquillett, 1894)
- Blera metcalfi (Curran, 1925)
- Blera nigra (Williston, 1887)
- Blera nigripes (Curran, 1925)
- Blera notata (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Blera pictipes (Bigot, 1883)
- Blera robusta (Curran, 1922)
- Blera scitula (Williston, 1887)
- Blera umbratilis (Williston, 1887)
Genus Brachypalpus
Genus Chalcosyrphus
- Chalcosyrphus anomalus (Shannon, 1925)
- Chalcosyrphus anthreas (Walker, 1849)
- Chalcosyrphus aristatus (Johnson, 1929)
- Chalcosyrphus curvaria (Curran, 1941)
- Chalcosyrphus depressus (Shannon, 1925)
- Chalcosyrphus dubius (Shannon, 1926)
- Chalcosyrphus flexus (Curran, 1941)
- Chalcosyrphus inarmatus (Hunter, 1897)
- Chalcosyrphus interruptus (Panzer, 1804)
- Chalcosyrphus libo (Walker, 1849)
- Chalcosyrphus metallicus (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Chalcosyrphus metallifer (Bigot, 1884)
- Chalcosyrphus nemorum
- Chalcosyrphus nigromaculatus (Jones, 1917)
- Chalcosyrphus ontario (Curran, 1941)
- Chalcosyrphus parvus (Williston, 1887)
- Chalcosyrphus pauxilla (Williston, 1892)
- Chalcosyrphus piger (Fabricius, 1794)
- Chalcosyrphus plesia (Curran, 1925)
- Chalcosyrphus sacawajeae (Shannon, 1925)
- Chalcosyrphus satanica (Bigot, 1884)
- Chalcosyrphus vecors (Osten Sacken, 1875)
- Chalcosyrphus violascens (Megerle, 1803)
Genus Criorhina
14 species [1]
Genus Cynorhinella
Genus Hadromyia
Genus Merapoides
Genus Milesia
3 species [1]
- Milesia virginiensis - Yellowjacket Hover Fly
Genus Palumbia
- Palumbia inflata (Macquart, 1834)
Genus Pocota
Genus Pterallastes
Genus Somula
- Somula decora
- Somula mississippiensis Hull, 1922
Genus Sphecomyia
8 species [1]
Genus Spilomyia
11 species [1]
- Spilomyia alcimus (Walker, 1849)
- Spilomyia citima Vockeroth, 1958
- Spilomyia crandalli Curran, 1951
- Spilomyia foxleei Vockeroth, 1958
- Spilomyia fusca Loew, 1864
- Spilomyia interrupta Williston, 1882
- Spilomyia kahli Snow, 1895
- Spilomyia liturata Williston, 1887
- Spilomyia longicornis Loew, 1872
- Spilomyia sayi (Goot, 1964)
Genus Syritta
Genus Temnostoma
10 species [1]
Genus Teuchocnemis
Genus Tropidia
8 species [1]
Genus Xylota
29 species [1]
Tribe Rhingiini
Genus Chamaesyrphus
Genus Cheilosia
Genus Ferdinandea
Genus Rhingia
Genus Hiatomyia
Tribe Volucellini
Genus Copestylum
39 species [1]
- Copestylum apiciferum
- Copestylum avidum
- Copestylum barei
- Copestylum comstocki
- Copestylum haagii
- Copestylum isabellina
- Copestylum lentum
- Copestylum marginatum
- Copestylum mexicanum - Mexican Cactus Fly
- Copestylum satur
- Copestylum sexmaculatum
- Copestylum versicularium
- Copestylum victoria
Genus Ornidia
Genus Volucella
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America (Kaufman Field Guides) – Eric R. Eaton; Kenn Kaufman
- ^ a b c d e Vockeroth, J. R. (1992). The Flower Flies of the Subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part 18. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Canadian Government Pub Centre. pp. 1–456. ISBN 0-660-13830-1.
- ^ Coovert, G. C.; Thompson F. C. (1977). "The Sphegina species of Eastern North America (Diptera: Syrphidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90: 536–552. http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/17073/1/ent_FCT_30.pdf.
- ^ a b Thompson, F. Christian (1997). "Revision of the Eristalis flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Americas south of the United States." (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (Washington D.C.: Entomological Society of Washington) 99: 209–237. ISSN 0013-8797. http://entomology.si.edu/StaffPages/ThompsonFC/1997_Eristalis.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
Source:
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