Colpomenia peregrina — Details

Oyster Thief learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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 Colpomenia peregrina is a non-gelatinous green alga. It is greenish-olive in colour with fine brown dots. It forms a thin-walled hollow sphere, usually 1-7 cm in diameter. It may be confused with the native Leathesia difformis which is lobed with a gelatinous surface. Colpomenia peregrina is dry and papery to the touch and can be torn easily.Colpomenia peregrina occurs naturally in the Pacific Ocean. It was introduced to France with with juvenile Crassostrea virginica from the Pacific coast of North America. Colpomenia peregrina was introduced in 1907 from France into Cornwall and Dorset. It has negligible effects on the environment. In other countries, it grows attached to oysters and floats away with the oyster when the air-filled thalli grow large enough. Hence the common name of oyster thief.
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Distribution

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Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Europe, Baltic sea, Boulogne, Digue du Nord, British Isles, Canada, Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), German Bight, Gulf of Maine, Irish Exclusive economic Zone, Malta, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, North West Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, South Norway, Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, USA, Wimereux
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Gulf of Maine to Scotian coast, Newfoundland, Strait of Belle Isle
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In europe it is found from Iberia to southern Norway.
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Physical Description

Diagnostic Description

Morphology

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Brown colour results from the dominance of the xanthophyll fucoxanthin; this masks the other pigments, Chlorophyll a and c (no chlorophyll b), beta-carotene and other xanthophylls.
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Ecology

Habitat

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epiphyte on Alaria, littoral and shallow sublittoral
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Known from rocky shores.
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Depth range based on 24 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 7.5
  Temperature range (°C): 11.768 - 12.348
  Nitrate (umol/L): 4.729 - 7.121
  Salinity (PPS): 35.334 - 35.363
  Oxygen (ml/l): 6.069 - 6.151
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.351 - 0.439
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.489 - 2.578

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 7.5

Temperature range (°C): 11.768 - 12.348

Nitrate (umol/L): 4.729 - 7.121

Salinity (PPS): 35.334 - 35.363

Oxygen (ml/l): 6.069 - 6.151

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.351 - 0.439

Silicate (umol/l): 2.489 - 2.578
 
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 Colpomenia peregrina occurs on rock, other seaweeds and shells. The species is usually epiphytic, growing on a variety of seaweeds in mid-tide rockpools and down to the sub-littoral region. It thrives in sheltered areas.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Colpomenia peregrina

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Wikipedia

Colpomenia peregrina

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This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (June 2013)

Colpomenia peregrina, sometimes referred to by its vernacular name sea potato, is a brown seaweed not native to the British Isles, but recorded in Ireland since 1934. It appears to have been introduced from the Pacific and was first noticed in Europe in 1906 on oyster beds. It has now been recorded throughout the eastern north Atlantic from Norway[1] and Sweden to Portugal.[2] It was first recorded in Britain in 1908 and in Ireland in 1934.[3][4]

Contents

Classification[edit]

Colpomenia is a genus of brown alga in the phylum (or division) Heterokontophyta, the class Phaeophyceae, and the order Sphacelariales.[5]

Description[edit]

Colpomenia peregrina (syn. Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès et Solier var. peregrina Sauvageau) is a small brown alga, bladder-like, hollow and membranous, up to 9 cms across. The surface is thin and smooth but often collapsed or torn when older. Olive brown in colour and attached by rhizoidal filaments to rock at the base.[6] There are two species in Europe: C. sinuosa (Mert.) Derb. & Sol. and C. peregrina (Sauvageau) Hamel. C. sinuosa was present at least as far back as the 1840s in Spain and C.peregrina was introduced and first noticed by oyster fishermen in the Bay of Biscay in 1906. It was first noticed in Britain in 1907 in Cornwall and Dorset.[7] The two species are superficially similar and in older texts, such as Knight and Parke (1931),[8] C.peregrina is referred to as C.sinuosa.

Leathesia difformis is similar, it is yellow brown in colour, fleshy and mucilaginous in texture. It is globose and smooth when young becoming hollow and convoluted with age and growing to 5 cms in diameter.[6] [1] It is easily distinguished as it readily squashes when pressed under finger and thumb.[9]

Ecology[edit]

Found in littoral rock pools, not exposed and in the sublittoral to 3m depth.[6]

Specimens[edit]

There are specimens stored in the Ulster Museum Herbarium (BEL) from: Co. Donegal in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and Wales under the catalogue museum numbers: F11254; F3136; F7675; F6154; F1682; F1693; F7491; F7674; F4254; F4254 and F1832.

Distribution[edit]

Ireland

Colpomenia peregrina has been recorded in Ireland from Counties: Down,[10] Donegal,[3] Kerry, Galway, Clare and Cork.[2] Apparently this alga was first recorded in Ireland by M.J.Lynn from Strangford Lough in March 1934 and from Lough Larne near Ballycarry and Magheramorne in 1935. It was also recorded from Portballintrae, on the north coast, and in the south at Lough Ine. In 1936 it was found at Rush (County Dublin) and at Killough (County Down). There are further records of from: Portstewart (County Londonderry), cast ashore at Hood's Ferry, Islandmagee (opposite Larne), (County Antrim).[11] It is now abundant.

Britain

Generally around the British Isles.[6] In Hardy and Guiry (2006) it is shown to be generally recorded around Ireland, south west England, Wales and the west coast of Scotland. Records from the east of Scotland are few and it not shown as present on the east or south east coast of England.[5] It is noted as a recent addition to the flora (as C. sinuosa in Knight and Parke (1931).[8]

Europe

C. peregrina was first recorded in Europe in 1908.[12]Mediterranean.[13]

North America (west coast)

Alaska to La Jolla, California.[13]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Printz, H. 1952. On some rare or recently immigrated marine algae on the Norwegian coast. Nytt Mag. Bot. 1: 135 - 151
  2. ^ a b Minchin, A. 1991. Further distributiona; records of the adventive marine brown alga Colpomenia peregrina (Phaeophyta) in Ireland. Ir. Nat. J. 23:380 - 381
  3. ^ a b Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bull. Ir. biogeog. Soc. 27: 3 - 164
  4. ^ Lynn, M.J. 1935. Rare algae from Strangford Lough.- part II. Ir. Nat. J. 5: 275 - 283
  5. ^ a b Hardy F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006. A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society. ISBN 3-906166-35-X
  6. ^ a b c d Fletcher, R.L. 1987. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 3 Fucophyceae (Phaeophyceae) Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. ISBN 0-565-00992-3
  7. ^ Jones, W.E. 1974. Changes in the seaweed flora of the British Isles. In Hawksworth, D.L. (Ed) The changing flora and flora of Britain. pp.97 - 113. Systematics Association Special Volume 6. Academic Press, London and New York
  8. ^ a b Knight, M. and Parke, M.W. 1931. Manx Algae. An algal survey of the south end of the Isle of Man. Proc. Trans. L'pool biol. Soc. 45(appendix II): 1 - 155.
  9. ^ Hiscock, S. 1979. A field key to the British brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta). Field Studies. 3: 1 - 44
  10. ^ Morton, O. 1994.Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum, Belfast. ISBN 0-900761-28-8
  11. ^ Blackler, H. 1937. The alga Colpomenia sinuosa Derb. et Sol. in Ireland. Ir. Nat. J.: 6:196 - 197
  12. ^ Minchin, D. 2001. Biodiversity and marine invaders. in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters. (Appendix) Proceedings of a Conference 26 - 27 April 2001, Ulster Museum. publication no.8
  13. ^ a b Abbott, I.A. and Hollenberg, G.J. 1976. Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press, California. ISBN 0-8047-0867-3

References[edit]

  • Blackler, H. 1939. The occurrence of Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert) Derb et Sol., in Ireland. Ir. Nat. J. 7: 215.
  • Lund, Sren., 1945. On Colpomenia peregrinsa and its occurrence in Danish waters. Report of Danish Biological Station.
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