The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Arnold, Augusta Foote. 1903. Sea-Beach at Ebb-Tide. New York : Century Co.; Plate XII
• Birkett, D.A., Maggs, C.A., Dring, M.J. & Boaden, P.J.S., (1998b). Infralittoral reef biotopes with kelp species: an overview of dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Natura 2000 report prepared by Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) for the UK Marine SACs Project., Scottish Association for Marine Science. (UK Marine SACs Project, vol V.)., http://www.english-nature.org.uk/uk-marine/reports/pdfs/reefkelp.pdf
• Bisalputra, T., Shields, C.M. & Markham, J.M., (1971). In situ observations of the fine structure of Laminaria gametophytes and embryos in culture. Journal de Microscopie, 10, 83-98.
• Boden, G.T., (1979). The effect of depth on summer growth of Laminaria saccharina (Phaeophyta, Laminariales). Phycologia, 18, 405-408.
• Bolten, J.J. & Lüning, K., (1982). Optimal growth and maximal survival temperatures of Atlantic Laminaria species (Phaeophyta) in culture. Marine Biology, 66, 89-94.
• Borum, J., Pedersen, M.F., Krause-Jensen, D., Christensen, P.B. & Nielsen, K., (2002). Biomass, photosynthesis and growth of Laminaria saccharina in a high-arctic fjord, NE Greenland. Marine Biology, 141, 11-19.
• Burrows, E.M. & Pybus, C., (1971). Laminaria saccharina and marine pollution in North-East England. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2, 53-56.
• Burrows, E.M., (1958). Sublittoral algal population in Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 37, 687-703.
• Burrows, E.M., (1971). Assessment of pollution effects by the use of algae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 177, 295-306.
• Clerc-Rampal, G. 1913. Mer : la Mer Dans la Nature, la Mer et l'Homme. Paris, France : Librairie Larousse; Page 114
• Conolly N.J. & Drew, E.A., (1985). Physiology of Laminaria. III. Effect of a coastal eutrophication on seasonal patterns of growth and tissue composition in Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina. Marine Ecology, Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I, 6, 181-195.
• Davison, I.R., Greene, R.M. & Podolak, E.J., (1991). Temperature acclimation of respiration and photosynthesis in the brown alga Laminaria saccharina. Marine Biology, 110, 449-454.
• De Clerck, O. & Pauly, K. 2010. Pers. com.
• Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
• Gerard, V.A. & Du Bois, K.R., (1988). Temperature ecotypes near the southern boundary of the kelp Laminaria saccharina. Marine Biology, 97, 575-580.
• Gerard, V.A., (1987). Hydrodynamic streamlining of Laminaria saccharina Lamour. in response to mechanical stress. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 107, 237-244.
• Gerard, V.A., (1988). Ecotypic differentiation in light-related traits of the kelp Laminaria saccharina. Marine Biology, 97, 25-36.
• Gerard, V.A., (1997). The role of nitrogen nutrition in high-temperature tolerance of the kelp, Laminaria saccharina (Chromophyta). Journal of Phycology, 33, 800-810.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Guiry, M.D. & Nic Dhonncha, E., (2002). AlgaeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication http://www.algaebase.org,
• Guiry, Michael D. (2013). Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) C.E.Lane, C.Mayes, Druehl & G.W.Saunders, 2006. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2013). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed through: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2013). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=234483 on 2013-03-02
• Hardy, F.G. & Guiry, M.D., (2003). A check-list and atlas of the seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. London: British Phycological Society
• Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., (1985). Factors determining the upper limits of intertidal canopy-forming algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 20, 265-271.
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
• JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee), (1999). Marine Environment Resource Mapping And Information Database (MERMAID): Marine Nature Conservation Review Survey Database. [on-line] http://www.jncc.gov.uk/mermaid,
• Kain, J.M., (1975). Algal recolonization of some cleared subtidal areas. Journal of Ecology, 63, 739-765.
• Kain, J.M., (1979). A view of the genus Laminaria. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 17, 101-161.
• Laminaria saccharina
• Lane, C.E., Mayes, C., Druehl, L.D. & Saunders, G.W., (2006). A multi-gene molecular investigation of the kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) supports substantial taxonomic re-organization. Journal of Phycology, 42, 493-512.
• Lee, J.A. & Brinkhuis, B.H., (1988). Seasonal light and temperature interaction effects on development of Laminaria saccharina (Phaeophyta) gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes. Journal of Phycology, 24, 181-191.
• Lyngby, J.E. & Mortensen, S.M., (1996). Effects of dredging activities on growth of Laminaria saccharina. Marine Ecology, Publicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I, 17, 345-354.
• Lüning, K. & Dring, M.J., (1975). Reproduction, growth and photosynthesis of gametophytes of Laminaria saccharina grown in blue and red light. Marine Biology, 29, 195-200.
• Lüning, K., (1980). Critical levels of light and temperature regulating the gametogenesis of three laminaria species (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 16, 1-15.
• Lüning, K., (1988). Photoperiodic control of sorus formation in the brown alga Laminaria saccharina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 45, 137-144.
• Lüning, K., (1990). Seaweeds. Their environment, biogeography and ecophysiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• NBN (National Biodiversity Network), (2002). National Biodiversity Network gateway. http://www.searchnbn.net, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
• Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
• Norton, T.A. (ed.), (1985). Provisional Atlas of the Marine Algae of Britain and Ireland. Huntingdon: Biological Records Centre, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
• Norton, T.A., (1978). The factors influencing the distribution of Saccorhiza polyschides in the region of Lough Ine. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 527-536.
• Parke, M., (1948). Studies on British Laminariaceae. I. Growth in Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 27, 651-709.
• Peters, A.F. & Schaffelke, B., (1996). Streblonema (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) infection in the kelp Laminaria saccharina in the western Baltic. Hydrobiologia, 326/327, 111-116.
• Picton, B.E. & Costello, M.J., (1998). BioMar biotope viewer: a guide to marine habitats, fauna and flora of Britain and Ireland. [CD-ROM] Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin., http://www.itsligo.ie/biomar/
• Read, P.A., Anderson, K.J., Matthews, J.E., Watson, P.G., Halliday, M.C. & Shiells, G.M., (1983). Effects of pollution on the benthos of the Firth of Forth. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 14, 12-16.
• Richards, J. 1907. Oceanographie. Paris, France : Vuibert & Nony Editeurs; Fig. 182
• Sjøtun, K. & Schoschina, E.V., (2002). Gametophytic development of Laminaria spp. (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) at low temperatures. Phycologia, 41, 147-152.
• Sjøtun, K., (1993). Seasonal lamina growth in two age groups of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. in Western Norway. Botanica Marina, 36, 433-441.
• Smith, Hugh M. 1905. Utilization of Seaweeds in the United States. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol.24, 1904; Page 179
• Thompson, R.S. & Burrows, E.M., (1984). The toxicity of copper, zinc and mercury to the brown macroalga Laminaria saccharina. In Ecotoxicological testing for the marine environment (ed. G. Persoone, E. Jaspers, & C. Claus), Vol. 2, pp. 259-269. Ghent: Laboratory for biological research in aquatic pollution, State University of Ghent.
• Wuitner, Emile. 1921. Algues Marines des Cotes de France (Manche et Ocean). Paris, France : Paul Lechevalier. Encyclopedie Pratique du Naturaliste. v.VII; Plate 3
• Wuitner, Emile. 1921. Algues Marines des Cotes de France (Manche et Ocean). Paris, France : Paul Lechevalier. Encyclopedie Pratique du Naturaliste. v.VII; Plate 99