The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Arnold, Augusta Foote. 1903. Sea-Beach at Ebb-Tide. New York : Century Co.; Plate XII
• Birkett, D.A., Maggs, C.A., Dring, M.J. & Boaden, P.J.S., (1998b). Infralittoral reef biotopes with kelp species: an overview of dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Natura 2000 report prepared by Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) for the UK Marine SACs Project., Scottish Association for Marine Science. (UK Marine SACs Project, vol V.)., http://www.english-nature.org.uk/uk-marine/reports/pdfs/reefkelp.pdf
• Connor, D.W., Dalkin, M.J., Hill, T.O., Holt, R.H.F. & Sanderson, W.G., (1997a). Marine biotope classification for Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2. Sublittoral biotopes. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, JNCC Report no. 230, Version 97.06., Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, JNCC Report no. 230, Version 97.06.
• Dieck, tom. I., (1993). Temperature tolerance and survival in darkness of kelp gametophytes (Laminariales: Phaeophyta) - ecological and biogeographical implications. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 100, 253-264.
• Dring, M.J., (1982). The Biology of Marine Plants. London: Edward Arnold.
• Druehl, L., (1988). Laminaria aquaculture in British Columbia. In Proceedings of the Fourth Alaska Aquaculture Conference, November 18-21, 1987, Sitka, Alaska USA, (Alaska Sea Grant Report, No. 88-4.), pp. 3-10.
• Fish, J.D. & Fish, S., (1996). A student's guide to the seashore. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Fletcher, R.L., (1996). The occurrence of 'green tides' - a review. In Marine Benthic Vegetation. Recent changes and the Effects of Eutrophication (ed. W. Schramm & P.H. Nienhuis). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. [Ecological Studies, vol. 123].
• Guiry, M.D. & Blunden, G., (1991). Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential. Chicester: John Wiley & Sons.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Guiry, M.D. & Hession, C., (1996). Eat up your seaweed. Ireland of the Welcomes, 45, 22-25.
• Guiry, M.D. & Nic Dhonncha, E., (2000). AlgaeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication http://www.algaebase.org, 2000-01-01 00:00:00
• Guiry, M.D. (2001). Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38
• Guiry, M.D., (1997). Research and development of a sustainable Irish seaweed industry. Occasional Papers in Irish Science and Technology, No. 14, Went Memorial Lecture 1996., Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, 11pp.
• Guiry, Michael D. (2013). Alaria esculenta (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2013). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed through: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2013). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=145716 on 2013-03-02
• Hardy, F.G. & Guiry, M.D., (2003). A check-list and atlas of the seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. London: British Phycological Society
• Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C., (1996). Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.
• Hiscock, S., (1979). A field key to the British brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta). Field Studies, 5, 1- 44.
• Hopkin, R. & Kain, J.M., (1978). The effects of some pollutants on the survival, growth and respiration of Laminaria hyperborea. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 7, 531-553.
• Indergaard, M. & Minsaas, J., (1991). Animal and Human Nutrition. In Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential, (Ed. M.D. Guiry & G. Blunden). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
• JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee), (1999). Marine Environment Resource Mapping And Information Database (MERMAID): Marine Nature Conservation Review Survey Database. [on-line] http://www.jncc.gov.uk/mermaid,
• Kain, J.M. & Dawes, C.P., (1987). Useful European seaweeds: past hopes and present cultivation. Hydrobiologia, 151/152, 173-181.
• Kain, J.M., Holt, T.J. & Dawes, C.P., (1990). European Laminariales and their cultivation. In Economically important marine plants of the Atlantic: their biology and cultivation, (ed. C. Yarish, C.A. Penniman and P. van Patten). Connecticut Sea Grant College Program. Groton.
• Kraan S. & Guiry M.D., (2000). European Journal of Phycology, in press.
• Lein, T.E, Sjotun, K. & Wakili, S., (1991). Mass - occurrence of a brown filamentous endophyte in the lamina of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie along the south western coast of Norway Sarsia, 76, 187-193.
• Levring, T., Hoppe, H.A. & Schmid, O.J., (1969). Marine Algae: a survey of research and utilization. Hamburg: Cram, de Gruyter & Co. [Botanica Marina Handbooks, Vol. 1.]
• Lewallen, E. & Lewallen, J., (1996). Sea vegetable gourmet cookbook and wildcrafter's guide. California: Mendocino Sea Vegetable Company.
• Lobban, C.S. & Harrison, P.J., (1997). Seaweed ecology and physiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Lüning, K., (1990). Seaweeds. Their environment, biogeography and ecophysiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Madlener, J.C., (1977). The sea vegetable book. New York: Clarkson N. Potter.
• Mai, K.S., Mercer, J.P. & Donlon, J., (1996). Comparative studies of on the nutrition of 2 species of Abalone, Haliotis tuberculata and Haliotis discus Hanni-Ino. 5. The role of poly-unsaturated fatty acids in macroalgae in Abalone nutrition. Aquaculture, 139, 77-89.
• Munda, I.M. & Luning, K., (1977). Growth performance of Alaria esculenta off Helgoland. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 29, 311-314.
• Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
• Newton, L., (1931). A handbook of the British seaweeds. London: British Museum (Natural History).
• Nisizawa, K., Noda, H., Kikuchi, R., Watanabe, T., (1987). The main seaweed foods in Japan. Hydrobiologia, 151/152, 5-29.
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Norton, T.A., (1992). Dispersal by macroalgae. British Phycological Journal, 27, 293-301.
• Picton, B.E. & Costello, M.J., (1998). BioMar biotope viewer: a guide to marine habitats, fauna and flora of Britain and Ireland. [CD-ROM] Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin., http://www.itsligo.ie/biomar/
• Smith, Hugh M. 1905. Utilization of Seaweeds in the United States. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol.24, 1904; Page 180
• Stegenga, H.; Mol, I. (1983). Flora van de Nederlandse zeewieren [Flora of the Dutch seaweeds]. Natural History Library of the KNNV, 33. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging (KNNV): Hoogwoud, The Netherlands. 263 pp.
• Stein, F., Sjotun, K., Lein, T.E. & Rueness, J., (1995). Spore dispersal in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Sarsia, 80, 47-53.
• Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43: 419-453
• Sundene, O., (1961). The implications of Transplant and Culture Experiments on the Growth and Distribution of Alaria esculenta. Nytt Magasin for Botanik, 9, 155-174.
• Widdowson, T.B., (1971). A taxonomic revision of the genus Alaria Greville. Syesis, 4, 11-49.
• Wuitner, Emile. 1921. Algues Marines des Cotes de France (Manche et Ocean). Paris, France : Paul Lechevalier. Encyclopedie Pratique du Naturaliste. v.VII; Plate 101
• Yamanaka, R. & Akiyama, K., (1993). Cultivation and utilization of Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) as food. Journal of Applied Phycology, 5, 249-253.
• van den Hoek, C., Mann, D.G. & Jahns, H.M., (1995). Algae: an introduction to phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.