The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Benito, J. and F. Pardos. 1997. Hemichordata. Pages 15-101 in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 15. F. W. Harrison, ed. Wiley Liss, New York.
• Brusca, R. C., & Brusca G. J. (2003). Invertebrates, 2nd edition. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer.
• Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. xiii + 992
• Butler AJ, Rees T, Beesley P, Bax NJ. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in the Australian Region. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011831
• Cameron, C. B., Garey J. R., & Swalla B. J. (2000). Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.). 97, 4469-4474.
• Cameron, C.B., J. R. Garey, and B. J. Swalla. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97:4469-4474.
• Cannon, J. T., Rychel A. L., Eccleston H., Halanych K. M., & Swalla B. J. (2009). Molecular phylogeny of hemichordata, with updated status of deep-sea enteropneusts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52, 17-24.
• Castresana, J., G. Feldmaier-Fuchs, S. Yokobori, N. Satoh, and S. Pääbo. 1998. The mitochondrial genome of the hemichordate Balanoglossus carnosus and the evolution of deuterostome mitochondria. Genetics 150:1115-1123.
• Cowles, D., Dyer A., & McFadden M. (2002). Key to Invertebrates Found At or Near The Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory. 2011,
• Fujikura K, Lindsay D, Kitazato H, Nishida S, Shirayama. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in Japanese Waters. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011836
• Halanych, K. M. 1995. The phylogenetic position of the pterobranch hemichordates based on 18S rDNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4:72-76.
• Hejnol, A., Obst M., Stamatakis A., Ott M., Rouse G. W., Edgecombe G. D., et al. (2009). Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276, 4261-4270.
• Henry, J. Q., K. Tagawa and M. Q. Martindale. 2001. Deuterostome evolution: early development in the enteropneust hemichordate, Ptychodera flava. Evolution and Development 3:375-390.
• J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
• Lambert, C. C. (2005). Historical introduction, overview, and reproductive biology of the protochordates. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83, 1-7.
• Lambert, G. (2005). Ecology and natural history of the protochordates. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83, 34-50.
• Margulis, L., & Chapman M. J. (2010). Kingdoms and Domains: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life On Earth, 4th edition reprinted with corrections.
• Nielsen, C. (2010). After all: Xenoturbella is an acoelomorph!. Evolution and Development. 12, 241-243.
• Opitz S (1996) Trophic interactions in Caribbean coral reefs. ICLARM Tech Rep 43, Manila, Philippines
• Stach, T. (2008). Chordate phylogeny and evolution: a not so simple three-taxon problem. Journal of Zoology. 276, 117-141.
• Swalla, B. J., & Smith A. B. (2008). Deciphering deuterostome phylogeny: molecular, morphological and palaeontological perspectives. Philosophical Transitions of the Royal Society B. 363, 1557-1568.
• Winchell, C. J., J. Sullivan, C. B. Cameron, B. J. Swalla, and J. Mallatt. 2002. Evaluating hypotheses of deuterostome phylogeny and chordate evolution with new LSU and SSU ribosomal DNA data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:762-776.