The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
• Abrams, L. & R. S. Ferris. 1960. Bignonias to Sunflowers. 4: 732 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
• CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Ca. nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
• Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. Fl. Prov. Jujuy 10: 1–726.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
• Cronquist, A. J. 1980. Asteraceae. 1: i–xv, 1–261. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
• Cronquist, A. J. 1994. Vascular plants of the intermountain west, U.S.A. 5: 1–496. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
• De la Barra, N. B. 1997. Reconstr. Evol. Paisaje Veg. Cochabamba i–v, 1–174. Tesis, Universidad Mayor San Simón, Cochabamba.
• Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
• Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii + 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223.
• Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–lxxv, 1–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
• Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
• Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
• Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Hilty, J. Editor. 2010. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. flowervisitors.info, version (09/2010).
  See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations
• Isolectotype: Robinson, B. L. & Greenman, J. M. 1899. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 34: 544.; Coleman, -. 1966. Amer. Midl. Naturalist. 76: 475.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
• Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables.
• Marticorena C & R Rodríguez . 1995-2005. Flora de Chile. Vols 1, 2(1-3). Ed. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción. 351 pp., 99 pp., 93 pp., 128 pp. Matthei O. 1995. Manual de las malezas que crecen en Chile. Alfabeta Impresores. 545 p.
• Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
• SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. 1986. Field Museum Type Record.
• SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
• Serrano, M. & J. Teran. 2000. Identific. Esp. Veg. Chuquisaca 1–129. PLAFOR, Intercooperación, Fundación Ceibo, Sucre.
• Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
• Type fragment: Bentham, G. 1840. Pl. Hartw. 41.
• Voss, E. G. 1996. Michigan Flora, Part III: Dicots (Pyrolaceae-Compositae). Cranbrook Inst. of Science, Ann Arbor.
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x + 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainseville.
• Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1): i–xcvi, 1–983; 107(2): i–xx, 985–2286; 107(3): i–xxi, 2287–3348.