Verbesina encelioides — Details

Ximenesia encelioides Cav.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray:
Argentina (South America)
Bolivia (South America)
Brazil (South America)
Chile (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Paraguay (South America)
Uruguay (South America)
United States (North America)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1592
Serrano, M. & J. Teran. 2000. Identific. Esp. Veg. Chuquisaca 1–129. PLAFOR, Intercooperación, Fundación Ceibo, Sucre. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1014273
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1707
Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1506
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
De la Barra, N. B. 1997. Reconstr. Evol. Paisaje Veg. Cochabamba i–v, 1–174. Tesis, Universidad Mayor San Simón, Cochabamba. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1014737
Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. Fl. Prov. Jujuy 10: 1–726. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/36234
Cronquist, A. J. 1980. Asteraceae. 1: i–xv, 1–261. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1714

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Verbesina australis Baker:
Bolivia (South America)

Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1313

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Verbesina encelioides subsp. exauriculata (B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman:
United States (North America)

Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637

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Verbesina encelioides var. encelioides :
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)

Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2). http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1371

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Verbesina scabra Benth.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. 1986. Field Museum Type Record. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1104

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Verbesina encelioides var. exauriculata B.L. Rob. & Greenm.:
United States (North America)
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2). http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1371
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1719

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National Distribution

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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National Distribution

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Source: NatureServe

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National Distribution

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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Physical Description

Morphology

Comments

Native distribution of Verbesina encelioides in the flora area is uncertain. Plants of Verbesina encelioides from ca. 100°W (e.g., c Texas) and eastward usually have auriculate petiole bases and have been called var. encelioides; plants from the west usually lack auricles and have been called var. exauriculata.

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Description

Plants 10–50(–120+) cm (annuals, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximal usually opposite); blades deltate-ovate or rhombic to lanceolate, 3–8(–12+) × 2–4(–6+) cm, bases broadly cuneate to ± truncate, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, apices acute to attenuate, faces strigoso-scabrellous to sericeous. Heads usually borne singly, sometimes 2–3+ in loose, cymiform or corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric to saucerlike, 10–20+ mm diam. Phyllaries 12–18+ in 1–2 series, ± erect to spreading, lance-ovate or lance-linear to linear, 6–8+ mm. Ray florets (8–)12–15+; laminae 8–10(–20+) mm. Disc florets 80–150+; corollas yellow. Cypselae dark brown to blackish, narrowly obovate, 3.5–5+ mm, faces ± strigillose; pappi 0.5–1(–2) mm (0 on ray cypselae). 2n = 34.

Flora of North America @ eFloras.org

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Diagnostic Description

Synonym

Ximenesia encelioides Cavanilles, Icon. 2: 60, plate 178. 1793 (as enceliodes); Verbesina encelioides subsp. exauriculata (B. L. Robinson & Greenman) J. R. Coleman; V. encelioides var. exauriculata B. L. Robinson & Greenman

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Type Information

Isolectotype for Verbesina encelioides subsp. exauriculata B.L. Rob. & Greenm.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. S. Hitchcock
Year Collected: 1895
Locality: Finney, Kansas, United States, North America

Isolectotype: Robinson, B. L. & Greenman, J. M. 1899. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 34: 544.; Coleman, -. 1966. Amer. Midl. Naturalist. 76: 475.

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Type fragment for Verbesina scabra Benth.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): K. Hartweg
Year Collected: 1839
Locality: Zitacuaro., Michoacán, Mexico, North America

Type fragment: Bentham, G. 1840. Pl. Hartw. 41.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Ecology

Associations

Flower-Visiting Insects of Golden Crownbeard in Illinois

Verbesina encelioides (Golden Crownbeard) introduced
(this plant is adventive from the southern Plains; insect activity is unspecified; information is limited; this observation is from Mawdsley)

Beetles
Cleridae: Trichodes bibalteatus (Mwd)

Hilty, J. Editor. 2010. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. flowervisitors.info, version (09/2010).
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations H

Source: Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers

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Conservation

Conservation Status

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T5 - Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Source: NatureServe

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

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Wikipedia

Verbesina encelioides