Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

Gekko gigante is one of ten currently recognized, endemic species of Gekko in the Philippines. This species has been found on karst outcrops and cave systems at low elevation. The recent discoveries of several species of limestone microhabitat specialist geckos (including Gekko carusadensis) emphasize the need for focused surveys throughout limestone forests in the Philippines. Gekko gigante is known only from the small islands of North and South Gigante off the northeast coast of Panay Island in the central Philippines. 

Recent studies and increased survey efforts throughout the Philippines have resulted in a dramatic increase in the diversity of gekkonid lizards in the country. The archipelago is now known to support ten genera and at least 48 described species in the genera Cyrtodactylus (9 species), Gekko (12–13), Gehyra (1), Hemidactylus (5; including platyurus, a species formerly assigned to Cosymbotus), Hemiphyllodactylus (2), Lepidodactylus (6), Luperosaurus (8), Pseudogekko (4), and Ptychozoon (1) (Taylor, 1922a,b; Brown and Alcala, 1978; Brown and Diesmos, 2000; Brown et al., 1997, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, in press; Gaulke et al., 2007; Linkem et al., 2010; Welton et al., 2009, 2010a, b; Zug, 2010).

 

Ten species of Gekko are considered endemic to the archipelago (Brown et al., 2009; Linkem et al., 2010) and two additional species with broad geographic distributions (G. gecko, G. monarchus) are also known from the country (Taylor, 1922a, b; Brown and Alcala, 1978; Ota et al., 1989). The ten endemic Philippine species are G. athymus, G. carusadensis, G. crombota, G. ernstkelleri, G. gigante, G. mindorensis, G. palawanensis, G. porosus, G. romblon, and G. rossi. These species represent a considerable range in body size, general appearance, and ecological attributes, but all possess the following combination of morphological traits: (1) body size moderate, with relatively long, slender limbs; (2) near complete absence of interdigital webbing or cutaneous body expansions; (3) dorsal tubercles arranged in longitudinal rows on the dorsum (except for G. athymus, in which dorsal tuberculation is absent); (4) scales of dorsum between tubercle rows minute, non-imbricate; (5) scales of venter enlarged, imbricate, flat; (6) differentiated postmentals elongate; and (7) subcaudals enlarged, plate-like (Brown and Alcala, 1978; Brown et al., 2007, 2008, 2009).

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Description

Gekko gigante can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters (1) medium body size (SVL 89.7–104.7 mm for adult males; 79.7–87.9 for females); (2) vertebral coloration with dark paired blotches; (3) supralabials 11–13; (4) preanofemorals 52–66; (5) Toe IV scansors 16–19; (6) internasals contacting rostral 1; (7) scales contacting nostril 5; (8) midbody ventral scales 41–50; (9) midbody dorsal scales 123–135; (10) midbody tubercle rows 12–18; (11) vertebral tubercles in axilla–groin distance 19–28; (12) paravertebral scales in axilla–groin distance 175–207; (13) ventral scales in axilla–groin distance 65–74.

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Distribution

Range Description

This species is endemic to South Gigante Island and North Gigante Island, and nearby islets, located off of the northeast of Panay Island in the Philippines. It is found from sea level to around 200 m asl.
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Type Locality

North and South gigantes Islands, off the northeast coast of Panay Island, central Philippines

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Faunal Affinity

Gekko gigante is recognized to occur in the Visayan (Central) Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex in the central Philippines.

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Distribution

Gekko gigante is known only from the islands of gigantes North and gigantes South, off the northeast coast of Panay Island in the Philippines.

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Continent: Asia
Distribution: Philippine Islands (Gigante, Panay)  
Type locality: Gigante North, Philippine Islands.
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Physical Description

Size

Size

SVL 89.7–104.7 mm for adult males; 79.7–87.9 for females

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology
Animals are found throughout much of the rocky limestone islands, and may be encountered in caves, in rock crevices, in the islands karst forest and on rocky coastal cliffs.

Systems
  • Terrestrial
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
VU
Vulnerable

Red List Criteria
D2

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2009

Assessor/s
Diesmos, A., Brown, R., Gonzalez, J.C. & Paguntalan, L.M.

Reviewer/s
Cox, N. & Hoffmann, M. (Global Reptile Assessment Coordinating Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
Listed as Vulnerable because it is known from fewer than five locations, and there is a plausible threat that an increase in phosphate mining activities could negatively impact populations of this species.
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Population

Population
In general, this is a very common species within its restricted distribution.

Population Trend
Stable
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Threats

Threats

Major Threats
There is some phosphate mining within one of the caves that this species has been recorded within, and it seems possible that this disturbance may be a localized threat to the species. The islands are regularly visited by fishermen from the nearby fishing grounds, although the impact of this on the species is not known. Possibly the most significant threat would be extensive of mining for phosphate on the island, however, this is not taking place at present and there are no known plans to further develop mines on the islands.
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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions
In general, no conservation measures are currently needed for the species as a whole. There is a need to occasionally monitor the population of this lizard and the possibility of mining development on the islands.
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