The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

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• Boisserie, J. R., F. Lihoreau, and M. Brunet. 2005. The position of hippopotamidae within cetartiodactyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 102(5):1537-1541.
• Buntjer, J. B., I. A. Hoff, and J. A. Lenstra. 1997. Artiodactyl interspersed DNA repeats in cetacean genomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 45:66-69.
• Carroll, R.L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
• Douzery, E. and F. M. Catzeflis. 1995. Molecular evolution of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA in Ungulata (Mammalia). Journal of Molecular Evolution 41:622-636.
• Gatesy, J. 1997. More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14:537-543.
• Gatesy, J., C. Hayashi, M. A. Cronin, and P. Arctander. 1996. Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:954-963.
• Gatesy, J., M. Milinkovitch, V. Waddell, and M. Stanhope. 1999. Stability of cladistic relationships between Cetacea and higher-level Artiodactyl taxa. Systematic Biology 48:6-20.
• Gatesy, J., P. O'Grady, and R. H. Baker. 1999. Corroboration among data sets in simultaneous analysis: Hidden support for phylogenetic relationships among higher level artiodactyl taxa. Cladistics 15:271-313.
• Geisler, J. H. 2001. New morphological evidence for the phylogeny of Artiodactyla, Cetacea, and Mesonychidae. American Museum Novitates 3344: 1-53.
• Gentry, A. W. and J. J. Hooker. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. Pages 235-272 in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 2. Mammals. M. J. P. Benton, ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
• Gingerich, P. D., M. ulHaq, I. S. Zalmout, I. H. Khan, and M. S Malkani. 2001. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science 293:2239-2242.
• Graur, D. and D. G. Higgins. 1994. Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11:357-364.
• Grubb, P. 1993. Order Artiodactyla. Pages 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
• Hasegawa, M. and J. Adachi. 1996. Phylogenetic position of Cetaceans relative to Artiodactyls: Reanalysis of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:710-717.
• Janis, C. M. 1982. Evolution of horns in ungulates: ecology and paleoecology. Biological Reviews 57:261-318.
• Janis, C. M. 1995. Correlation between craniodental morphology and feeding behavior in ungulates: Reciprocal illumination between living and fossil taxa. Pages 76-98 in: Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology. G. J. Thomason, ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Janis, C. M., J. A. Effinger, J. A. Harrison, J. G. Honey, D. G. Kron, B. Lander, E. Manning, D. R. Prothero, M. S. Stevens, R. K. Stucky, S. D. Webb, and D. B. Wright. 1998. Artiodactyla. Pages 337-357 in Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North Americ. C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott and L. L. Jacobs, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London.
• Kleineidam, R. G., G. Pesole, H. J. Breukelman, J. J. Beintema, R. A. Kastelein. 1999. Inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla based on phylogenetic analysis of pancreatic ribonuclease genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48:360-368.
• Klungland, H., K. H. Roed, C. L. Nesbo, K. S. Jakobsen, and D. I. Vage. 1999. The melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1-R) gene as a tool in evolutionary studies of Artiodactyles. Hereditas 131:39-46.
• Kostia, S., M. Ruohonen-Lehto, R. Vainola, and S.-L. Varvio. 2000. Phylogenetic information in inter-SINE and interSSR fingerprints of the Artiodactyla and evolution of the Bov-tA SINE. Heredity 84:37-45.
• Langer, P. 2001. Evidence from the digestive tract on phylogenetic relationships in ungulates and whales. Journal of Zoology, Systematics, Evolution and Research 39:77-90.
• Lin, C. S., Y. L. Sun, C. Y. Liu, P. C. Yang, L. C. Chang, I. C. Cheng, S J. T. Mao, and M. C. Huang. 1999. Complete nucleotide sequence of pig (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome and dating evolutionary divergence within Artiodactyla. Gene 236:107-114.
• Luo, Z.-X. 2000. In search of the whales' sisters. Nature 404:235-239.
• Mahon, A. 2004. A molecular supertree of the Artiodactyla. Pages 411-437 in Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life. O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds), ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
• Matthee, C. A., J. D. Burzlaff, J. F. Taylor, and S. K. Davis. 2001. Mining the mammalian genome for artiodactyl systematics. Systematic Biology 50:367-390.
• McKenna, M. C. and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Miyamoto, M. M., F. Kraus, P. J. Laipis, S. M. Tanhauser, and S. D. Webb. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA phylogenies within Artiodactyla. Pages 268-281 in Mammal Phylogeny. Volume 2. Placentals. (F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds.) Springer Verlag, New York.
• Modi, W. S., D. S. Gallagher, and J. E. Womack. 1996. Evolutionary histories of highly repeated DNA families among the artiodactyla (mammalia). Journal of Molecular Evolution 42:337-349.
• Montgelard, C., F. M. Catzeflis, and E. Douzery. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S rRNA mitochondrial sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14:550-559.
• Montgelard, C., S. Ducrocq, and E. Douzery. 1998. What is a Suiforme (Artiodactyla)? Contribution of cranioskeletal and mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9:528-532.
• Naylor, G. J. P. and D. C. Adams. 2001. Are the fossil data really at odds with the molecular data? Morphological evidence for Cetartiodactyla phylogeny reexamined. Systematic Biology, 50:444-453.
• Nikaido, M., A. P. Rooney, and N. Okada. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96:10261-10266.
• Nowak, R.M. 1999. Order Artiodactyla. Pages 1051-1238 in: Walker's Mammals of the World. Sixth Edition. Volume II. (R. M. Nowak). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• O'Leary, M. A. 1999. Parsimony analysis of total evidence from extinct and extant taxa and the cetacean-artiodactyl question (Mammalia, Ungulata). Cladistics 15:315-330.
• O'Leary, M. A. and J. H. Geisler. 1999. The position of Cetacea within Mammalia: Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data from extinct and extant taxa. Systematic Biology 48:455-490.
• Oliver, W. L. R. 1995. Taxonomy and conservation status of the suiformes - an overview. Ibex 3:3-5.
• Price, S. A., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, and J. L. Gittleman. 2005. A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals (Cetartiodactyla). Biological Reviews 80(3):445 - 473.
• Prothero, D. R. and R. M. Schoch. 2002. Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: the Evolution of Hoofed Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Pérez-Barbería, F. J. and I. J. Gordon. 1999. The functional relationship between feeding type and jaw and cranial morphology in ungulates. Oecologia 118:157-165.
• Pérez-Barbería, F. J. and I. J. Gordon. 2000. Differences in body mass and oral morphology between the sexes in the Artiodactyla: evolutionary relationships with sexual segregation. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2:667-684.
• Pérez-Barbería, F. J., I. J. Gordon, and C. Nores. 2001. Evolutionary transitions among feeding styles and habitats in ungulates. Evolutionary Ecology Research 3:221-230.
• Randi, E., V. Lucchini, and C. H. Diong. 1996. Evolutionary genetics of the suiformes as reconstructed using mtDNA sequencing. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3:163-194.
• Rose, K. D. 1996. On the origin of the order Artiodactyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 93:1705-1709.
• Shedlock, A. M., M. C. Milinkovitch, and N. Okada. 2000. SINE evolution, missing data, and the origin of whales. Systematic Biology, 49:808-816.
• Shimamura, M., H. Yasue, K. Ohshima, H. Abe, H. Kato, T. Kishiro, M. Goto, I. Munechika, and N. Okada. 1997. Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates. Nature 388:666-670.
• Simpson, George Gaylord. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 85. xvi + 350
• Stoner, C. J., T. M. Caro, and C. M. Graham. 2003. Ecological and behavioral correlates of coloration in artiodactyls: systematic analyses of conventional hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology 14(6):823-840.
• Theodor, J. M. 2004. Molecular clock divergence estimates and the fossil record of Cetartiodactyla. Journal of Paleontology 78(1):39-44.
• Thewissen, J. G. M. and S. I. Madar. 1999. Ankle morphology of the earliest cetaceans and its implications for the phylogenetic relations among ungulates. Systematic Biology 48:21-30.
• Ursing, B. M. and U. Arnason. 1998. Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 265:2251-2255.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. 1999. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750