The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

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• Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (2006) All Leps Barcode of Life Project. http://www.lepbarcoding.org/ [accessed 22 July 2009]
• Bodanis, D. 1992. The Secret Garden: Dawn to Dusk in the Astonishing Hidden World of the Garden. Simon & Schuster. 187 p.
• Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca. 2002. Invertebrates, Second Edition. xx + 936
• Compiled by Dr. Paul A. Opler, Richard O. Bray, Sarah Simonson and the volunteers of the Rocky Mountain Butterfly Project.
• D. J. Shure, Radionuclide tracer analysis of trophic relationships in an old-field ecosystem, Ecol. Monogr. 43(1):1-19, from p. 15 (1973).
• Davis, D. R. 1986. A new family of monotrysian moths from austral South America (Lepidoptera: Palaephatidae), with a phylogenetic review of the Monotrysia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 434: 1-202.
• Eisner, T. 2005. For Love Of Insects. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 448 p.
• Florida Museum of Natural History, Lepidoptera, http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/education/guides/butterfly-guide.pdf, accessed 31 May 2012
• Forsyth, A. 1992. Exploring the World of Insects: The Equinox Guide to Insect Behaviour. Camden House.
• Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films. 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, U.K.: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, London. 238 p.
• Friedlander, T. P., J. C. Regier, C. Mitter, and D. L. Wagner. 1996. A nuclear gene for higher level phylogenetics: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tracks Mesozoic-aged divergences within Lepidoptera (Insecta). Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:594-604.
• Greeney, H. F. (2009). A revised classification scheme for larval hesperiid shelters, with comments on shelter diversity in the Pyrginae. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 41, 53-59.
• Greeney, H. F., & . W.. A. D. (2009). The natural history and shelter building behavior of Vettius coryna coryna Hewitson, 1866 in eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Journal of Insect Science. 9, 1-9.
• Greeney, H. F., & Gerardo N. (2001). Descriptions of the immature stages and oviposition behavior of Pyrrhogyra otolais (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 54, 88-90.
• Greeney, H. F., & Jones M. (2003). Shelter building in the Hesperiidae: a classification scheme for larval shelters. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 37, 27-36.
• Greeney, H. F., & Sheldon K. S. (2008). Comments on the natural history and larval shelter construction of Urbanus proteus Linn. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) in southern Florida. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 62, 1008-1010.
• Greeney, H. F., & Stireman, J. O. III. (2002). The emergence of parasitic flies from adult Actinote diceus in Ecuador. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society. 55, 79-80.
• Greeney, H. F., & Warren A. D. (2003). Notes on the natural history of Eantis thraso (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) in Ecuador. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 57, 43-46.
• Greeney, H. F., & Warren A. D. (2004). Natural history and shelter building behavior of Noctuana haematospila (Hesperiidae) in Ecuador. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 59, 6-9.
• Greeney, H. F., & Warren A. D. (2009). The natural history and shelter building behavior of Falga jeconia ombra Evans, 1955 in eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Journal of Insect Science. 9, 1-10.
• Greeney, H. F., & Warren A. D. (2011). The natural history, immature stages, and shelter building behavior of Dion carmenta Hewitson, 1870 in eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104(6), 1128-1134.
• Greeney, H. F., DeVries P. J., Penz C. M., Granizo-T. R. B., Connahs H., Stireman, J. O. III., et al. (2009). The early stages and natural history of Antirrhea adoptiva porphyrosticta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Morphinae) in eastern Ecuador. Journal of Insect Science . 9, 1-10.
• Greeney, H. F., Dyer L. A., & Pyrcz T. W. (2011). First description of the early stage biology for the genus Mygona: the natural history of Mygona irmina Doubleday, 1849 in eastern Ecuador. Journal of Insect Science. 11, 1-11 .
• Greeney, H. F., Dyer L. A., DeVries P. J., Walla T. R., Salazar-V. L., Simbaña W., et al. (2010). Early stages and natural history of Perisama oppelii (Latreille, 1811) (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera) in eastern Ecuador. Kempffiana . 6, 16-30.
• Greeney, H. F., Hill R. I., Simbaña W. R., & Gentry G. L. (2009). The early stages of Veladyris pardalis in eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiinae). Journal of Insect Science. 9, 1-6 .
• Greeney, H. F., Penz C. M., DeVries P. J., & Walla T. R. (2010). Possible function of the spatulate setae surrounding the papillae anales of Sarota butterflies (Riodinidae: Helicopini). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society. 64, 216-217.
• Greeney, H. F., Pyrcz T. W., DeVries P. J., & Dyer L. A. (2009). The early stages of Pedaliodes poesia in eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Journal of Insect Science. 9, 1-9.
• Greeney, H. F., Walla T. R., & Lynch R. L. (2010). Architectural changes in larval leaf shelters of Noctuana haematospila (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) between host plant species with different leaf thicknesses. Zoologia . 27, 65-69.
• Greeney, H. F., Walla T. R., Jahner J., & Berger R. (2010). Shelter building behavior of Pyrrhopyge papius (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the use of the Mayfield method for estimating survivorship of shelter-building lepidopteran larvae. Zoologia . 27, 867-872.
• Greeney, H. F., Whitfield J., Stireman, J. O. III., Penz C. M., & Dyer L. A. (2011). Natural history of Eryphanis greeneyi (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and its enemies, with a description of a new species of braconid parasitoid and notes on its tachinid parasitoid. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104(6), 1078-1090.
• Grimaldi D, Engel MS (2005) Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 755 pp.
• Heppner, J. B. 1991. Faunal regions and the diversity of Lepidoptera. Tropical Lepidoptera 2(Supplement 1):1-85.
• J. F. Zhang. 1989. Fossil Insects From Shanwang, Shandong, China
• K. Paviour-Smith, The biotic community of a salt meadow in New Zealand, Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83(3):525-554, from p. 542 (1956).
• Kobayashi, Y. and H. Ando. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships among the lepidopteran and trichopteran suborders (Insecta) from the embryological standpoint. Zeitschrift Fuer Zoologische Systematik Und Evolutionsforschung 26(3): 186-210.
• Krenn, H. W. and N. P. Kristensen. 2000. Early evolution of the proboscis of Lepidoptera (Insecta): external morphology of the galea in basal glossatan moth lineages, with remarks on the origin of the pilifers. Zoologischer Anzeiger 239:179-196.
• Kristensen NP, Scoble MJ, Karsholt O (2007) Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfl y diversity. Zootaxa 1668: 699–747.
• Kristensen, N. P. 1999. The Homoneurous Glossata. Pages 51-63 in: Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology Vol. IV, Part 35. N. P. Kristensen, ed. De Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
• Kristensen, N. P. 1999. The Non-Glossatan Moths. Pages 41-49 in: Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology Vol. IV, Part 35. N. P. Kristensen, ed. De Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
• Kristensen, N. P. 1984. Studies on the morphology and systematics of primitive Lepidoptera (Insecta). Steenstrupia 10: 141-191.
• Kristensen, N. P. and A. W. Skalski. 1999. Phylogeny and paleontology. Pages 7-25 in: Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology Vol. IV, Part 35. N. P. Kristensen, ed. De Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
• Kristensen, N. P., M. Scoble, and O. Karsholt. 2007. Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity. Pages 699-747 in: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A., eds. Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa 1668:1–766.
• L. W. Swan, The ecology of the high Himalayas, Sci. Am. 205:68-78, from pp. 76-77 (October 1961).
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• N. N. Smirnov, Food cycles in sphagnous bogs, Hydrobiologia 17:175-182, from p. 179 (1961).
• Nielsen, E. S. 1985. Primitive (non-ditrysian) Lepidoptera of the Andes: diversity, distribution, biology and phylogenetic relationships. In G. Lamas (ed.), Second Symposium on Neotropical Lepidoptera. Arequipa, Peru 1983. Santa Barbara, CA, Lepidoptera Research Foundation. 1-16.
• Nielsen, E. S. 1989. Phylogeny of major lepidopteran groups. In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer and H. Jörnvall (ed.), The Hierarchy of Life. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 281-294.
• Nielsen, E. S. and N. P. Kristensen, N. P. 1996. The Australian moth family Lophocoronidae and the basal phylogeny of the Lepidoptera Glossata. Invertebrate Taxonomy 10:1199-1302.
• P. G. Howes, The Giant Cactus Forest and Its World: A Brief Biology of the Giant Cactus Forest of Our American Southwest (Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York; Little, Brown, Boston; 1954), from pp. 222-239, from p. 227.
• Pallasmaa, J. 1995. Animal architecture. Helsinki: Museum of Finnish Architecture. 126 p.
• Robbins, R. K. 1988. Comparative morphology of the butterfly foreleg coxa and trochanter (Lepidoptera) and its systematic implications. Proceedings Of The Entomological Society Of Washington 90(2): 133-154.
• Scoble MJ (1995) Th e Lepidoptera. Form, function, and diversity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 404 pp.
• Scoble, M. J. 1992. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• See also Encyclopedia Britannica, Lepidopteran, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336811/lepidopteran/39726/Size-range-and-distribution/ , accessed 31 May 2012
• Shaw, S. R., & Jones G. Z. (2009). A new species of solitary Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from caterpillars of toxic butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Ecuador. Journal of Insect Science. 9(34), 1-8.
• Shields, O. 1988. Mesozoic history and neontology of Lepidoptera in relation to Trichoptera, Mecoptera, and angiosperms. Journal Of Paleontology 62(2): 251-258.
• Shuker, KPN. 2001. The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature. London: Marshall Editions Ltd. 240 p.
• Simonsen, T. J. 2001. The wing vestiture of the non-ditrysian Lepidoptera (Insecta). Comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications. Acta Zoologica 82(4): 275-298.
• Sonnenschein, M. and C. L. Haeuser. 1990. Presence of only eupyrene spermatozoa in adult males of the genus Micropterix Huebner and its phylogenetic significance (Lepidoptera: Zeugloptera, Micropterigidae). International Journal Of Insect Morphology And Embryology 19(5-6): 269-276.
• Stekol'nikov, A. A. and M. A. Pyatin. 1990. Evolution of the female reproductive system of Lepidoptera: The genital ducts, spermatheca, bursa copulatrix, colleterial glands. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 69(4): 747-763.
• Waide RB, Reagan WB (eds) (1996) The food web of a tropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
• Whalley, P. 1986. A review of the current fossil evidence of Lepidoptera in the Mesozoic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28(3):253-272.
• What are the differences between butterflies and moths?, Australian Museum
• Wiegmann, B. M., C. Mitter, J. C. Regier, T. P. Friedlander, D. M. Wagner, and E. S. Nielsen. 2000. Nuclear genes resolve Mesozoic-aged divergences in the insect order Lepidoptera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15:242-259.
• Wiegmann, B. M., J. C. Regier, and C. Mitter. 2002. Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages. Zoologica Scripta 31:67-81.
• Wilson, R. J., & Maclean I. M. D. (2011). Recent evidence for the climate change threat to Lepidoptera and other insects. Journal of Insect Conservation. 15(1-2), 259 - 268.
• Zhang, Z.-Q. 2011. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa(3148): 1-237. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2011/3148.html