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Species: Primula malacoides Franch. Date: 2006-09-05 Location: Habitat:
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Hobro, Jylland, Danmark (Dyrket)
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Hobro, Jylland, Danmark (Dyrket)
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Sverige, Norbotten, Kalix ved Bottenviken
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2010.04.25 Austria, Lower Austria, district Lilienfeld, on the dryer patches of a basically wet limestone cliff (near Fensterbach in Halbachtal 580 m AMSL).Flowering from april till june.Rare.German name: Aurikel, PetergstammID: Fischer, Exkursionsflora (2008 3rd)
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Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (
www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.
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Primula carniolicaCarniolan PrimroseSlo.: kranjski jegliDat.: April 15. 2009Lat.: 46.09599 Long.: 13.82807Code: Bot_333/2009-7293Habitat: Steep northeast faced grassland, very humid ground, surrounded by mixed forest, precipitations 2.300 mm/year, average temperature 10 deg C, elevation 260 m (850 feet), prealpine phytogeographical region.Place: Left bank of river Idrijca downstream of village Dolenja Trebua, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Carniolan Primrose is a rare but probably the most famous, narrow endemic plant of Slovenia. The beautiful, tender plant is a recent endemics which emerged during the ice ages. It grows in shady, secluded gorges in rocky fissures as well as in steep grassland in a tiny territory of about 70 km (40 miles) by 25 km (15 miles) in south-west Slovenia and nowhere else. In 18. century it was discovered by the physician Giovanni Antonio Scopoli working in Idria. But he did not recognise it as a new species. Later Balthasar Hacquet sent the plant to Vienna, where it was described under all the rules as a new species and named 'carniolica'. At that time, under Austrian empire, the present territory of Slovenia was divided into a number of provinces. One of these was named Carniola.
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Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
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Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Orinda, California, United States
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Primula kitaibeliana, syn.: P.integrifolia Vis., non L.; P. viscosa Kit., non Vill)Cro.: Kitajbelov jaglacDat.: May 05. 2011Lat.: 44.56589 Long.: 15.1187Code: Bot_512/2011_DSC7439 Habitat: Mostly N to E oriented steep or vertical rock faces, moist and cool places, limestone rock, in rock crevices or small hanging grass pockets, only in half or total shade, exposed to direct rain, elevation 940 m (3.100 feet) alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus in rock crevices or grass patches. Place: Almost on top of Rujiin Kuk, Dabarski Kukovi Mountains, SW of Bake Otarije village, Middle Velebit Mountains, Croatia ________________________________________Dat.: May 06. 2011Lat.: 44.54629 Long.: 15.17094Code: Bot_512/2011_DSC7447 Habitat: Mostly N to E oriented steep or vertical rock faces, moist and cool places, limestone rock, in rock crevices or small hanging grass pockets, only in half or total shade, exposed to direct rain, elevation 1.300 m (4.250 feet) alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus in rock crevices or grass patches.Place: Dabarski Kukovi Mountains north of Bake Otarije village, Middle Velebit, Croatia. Comment: An isolated and fairly distinct species little-known in the wild or in cultivation (Ref.:5). Growing solitary and in groups with many species; sporadic, scattered and highly localized but sometimes locally very abundant. Endemic to Central Dinaric Mountains, north-west Balkan peninsula. Can be found from Mt. Klek on northwest to Mt.Vele on southeast of its distribution (Croatia and Herzegovina).Ref.:(1) Personal communication dr. Botjan Surina, Rijeka, Croatia. (2) R.Domac, Flora Hrvatske, kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (2002) (in Croatioan), p 253. (3) G.Cmith, B. Burrow and D.Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, The Alpine Garden Society (1987), pp 85. (4) .ili, Endemine biljke, Priroda Jugoslavie (1984) (in Croation), p 90. (5) J.Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsford Ltd, London (1993), pp 97.
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Michigan, United States
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Primula minimaSlo: najmanji jegliDat.: May 08. 2011Lat.: 46.41789 Long.: 14.84612Code: Bot_Bot_514/2011_DSC7605 Habitat: Stony pasture, among grasses and low alpine plants, among volcanic Andesite rocks, on sunny places, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.500-1.800 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.650 m (5.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: acid soil pockets in Andesite rock. Place: Smrekovec mountains, on top of Mt. Komen 1.684 m (5.525 feet), tajerska, Slovenia EC Comment: In the Alps limited to their east parts. In Slovenia a rare plant, growing on acid rock on Mt. Peca and Mt. Komen, absent in East Julian Alps and rare in West Julian Alps in Italy. Growing in groups of a few or many plants. Ref.:(1) M.A.Fischer, W.Adler, K.Oswald, Exkursionsflora Oesterreich Liechtenstein, Suedtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 675.(2) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 480. (3) G.Cmith, B. Burrow and D.Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, The Alpine Garden Society (1987), pp 101. (4) J.Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsford Ltd, London (1993), pp 90.
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