The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

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• Buchanan, J.B., (1966). The biology of Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata: Spatangoidea) from different habitats. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 97-114.
• Buchanan, J.B., (1967). Dispersion and demography of some infaunal echinoderm populations. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 1-11.
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• Caspers, H., (1980). Adaptation and biocoenotic associations of echinoderms in a sewage dumping area of the southern North Sea. A macro-scale experiment. In Echinoderms: present and past (ed. M. Jangoux), pp. 189-198. Rotterdam: Balkema.
• Cattrijsse, A.; Vincx, M. (2001). Biodiversity of the benthos and the avifauna of the Belgian coastal waters: summary of data collected between 1970 and 1998. Sustainable Management of the North Sea. Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs: Brussel, Belgium. 48 pp.
• Clark, A.M. and J. Courtman-Stock. (1976). The echinoderms of southern Africa. Publ. No. 766. British Museum (Nat. Hist), London. 277 pp.
• Coulon, P. & Jangoux, M., (1987). Gregarine species (Apicomplexa) parasitic in the burrowing echinoid Echinocardium cordatum: occurrence and host reaction. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2, 135-145.
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• Davoult, D. (2002). Faune et flore du littoral du Pas-de-Calais et de la Manche orientale: mise à jour de la liste des espèces d'Echinodermes [Fauna and flora of the Pas-de-Calais coast and the eastern English Channel: review of the echinoderm species list]. Rev. Trav. Stat. Mar. Wimereux 2001(24): 1-3
• Degraer S., J. Wittoeck, W. Appeltans, K. Cooreman, T. Deprez, H. Hillewaert, K. Hostens, J. Mees, E. Vanden Berghe & M. Vincx (2006). The macrobenthos atlas of the Belgian part of the North Sea. Belgian Science Policy. D/2005/1191/3. ISBN 90-810081-6-1. 164 pp.
• Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R., (1995). Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 33, 245-303.
• Dinnel, P.A., Pagano, G.G., & Oshido, P.S., (1988). A sea urchin test system for marine environmental monitoring. In Echinoderm Biology. Proceedings of the Sixth International Echinoderm Conference, Victoria, 23-28 August 1987, (R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov, P. Lambert, Parsley, R.L. ed.), pp 611-619. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
• Duineveld, G.C.A. & Jenness, M.I., (1984). Differences in growth rates of the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum as estimated by the parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation applied to skeletal rings. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 19, 64-72.
• Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
• Echinocardium caudatum
• Eleftheriou, A. & Robertson, M.R., (1992). The effects of experimental scallop dredging on the fauna and physical environment of a shallow sandy community. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 30, 289-299.
• Eneman, E. (1984). Uit het Natuurhistorisch Archief [From the Natural History Archive]. De Strandvlo 4(1): 4-17
• Fish, J.D. & Fish, S., (1996). A student's guide to the seashore. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
• Guillou, J., (1985). Population dynamics of Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant) in the bay of Douarnenez (Brittany). In Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinocardium Conference / Galway / 24-29 September 1984 (ed. B.F. Keegan & B.D.S. O'Conner), 275-280. Rotterdam: Balkema.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336-351
• Hansson, H.G. (Comp.) 1998. NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): Scandinavian Echinodermata Check-List
• Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C., (1996). Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.
• Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), (1995b). Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Heip, C.H.R.; Herman, R.L.; Bisschop, G.; Govaere, J.C.R.; Holvoet, M.; van Damme, D.; Vanosmael, C.; Willems, K.R.; De Coninck, L.A.P. (1979). Benthic studies of the Southern Bight of the North Sea and its adjacent continental estuaries: Progress Report 1, in: (1979). Coordinated Research Actions Interuniversitary Actions Oceanology: symposium reports. pp. 133-163
• Higgins, H.C., (1974). Specific status of Echinocardium cordatum, E. australe and E. zealandium (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) around New Zealand, with comments on the relation of morphological variation to environment. Journal of Zoology, 173, 451-475.
• Holtmann, S.E.; Groenewold, A.; Schrader, K.H.M.; Asjes, J.; Craeymeersch, J.A.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; van Bostelen, A.J.; van der Meer, J. (1996). Atlas of the zoobenthos of the Dutch continental shelf. Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management: Rijswijk, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-369-4301-9. 243 pp.
• Hostens, K.; Mees, J.; Hummel, H. (2003). The mobile macro-invertebrate fauna of the Oosterschelde and the Westerschelde (SW Netherlands), in: Hostens, K. (2003). The demersal fish and macro-invertebrate assemblages of the Westerschelde and Oosterschelde estuaries (Southern Bight of the North Sea). pp. 87-103
• ILVO epifauna en demersale visdata: epifauna en demersale vismonitoring op het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee sinds 1979
• ILVO macrofauna data: macrofauna monitoring on the Belgian Part of the North Sea since 1979
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• Kashenko, S.D., (1994). Larval development of the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum feeding on different macroalgae. Biologiya Morya, 20, 385-389.
• Kinne, O. (ed.), (1984). Marine Ecology: A Comprehensive, Integrated Treatise on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters.Vol. V. Ocean Management Part 3: Pollution and Protection of the Seas - Radioactive Materials, Heavy Metals and Oil. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
• Koehler, R. (1921). Echinodermes. Faune de France, 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris. 216 pp.
• Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. & Kitsos, M.-S. 2007. The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research 7, 67-92.
• Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
• Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2013). WoRMS Echinoidea: World Echinoidea Database (version 2013-03-04). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777). In: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2013) World Echinoidea Database. Accessed through: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2013) World Echinoidea Database at http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=124392 on 2013-03-02
• Langeron, Maurice. 1906. Atlas Colorie des Plantes et Des Animaux des Cotes de France. Paris, France : Librairie J.-B, Baukkuere et Fils; Tab. 14
• Lawrence, J.M., (1996). Mass mortality of echinoderms from abiotic factors. In Echinoderm Studies Vol. 5 (ed. M. Jangoux & J.M. Lawrence), pp. 103-137. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
• Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.
• Leloup, E. (1952). Contributions à l'étude de la faune belge: 19. Observation sur la crevette grise au large de la côte belge en 1949 [Contribution to the study on the Belgian fauna: 19. Observation on the brown shrimp along the Belgian coast in 1949]. Med. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. 18(1): 1-28
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• Pierrat, B., Saucède, T., Festeau, A. & David, B. (2012) Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. ZooKeys 204, 47-52.
• Probert, P.K., (1981). Changes in the benthic community of china clay waste deposits is Mevagissey Bay following a reduction of discharges. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 789-804.
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