Adiantum aleuticum — Details

Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) C.A. Paris:
Canada (North America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)

Mickel, J. T. & A. R. Smith. 2004. The Pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 1–1054. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1025841
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1993. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. 2: i–xvi, 1–475. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/10884

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Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum Rupr.:
United States (North America)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717

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Adiantum pedatum subsp. calderi Cody:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Hartman, R. L. & B. E. Nelson. 1998. Novelties from North America north of Mexico: A 20-Year Vascular plant Diversity Baseline. 1–51 (mss.). http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/11044
Cody, W. J. 1983. Adiantum pedatum ssp calderi, a new subspecies in northeastern North America. Rhodora 85: 93–96. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/16252

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Physical Description

Morphology

Comments

Adiantum aleuticum is disjunct in wet rock fissures at high elevations in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Mexico in Chihuahua, and it is disjunct on serpentine in Newfoundland, Quebec, Maine, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.

Although the western maidenhair has traditionally been interpreted as an infraspecific variant of Adiantum pedatum , the two taxa are reproductively isolated and differ in an array of morphologic characteristics. Therefore, they are more appropriately considered separate species (C. A. Paris and M. D. Windham 1988). Morphologic differences between A . pedatum and A . aleuticum are subtle; the two may be separated, however, using characteristics in the key. Adiantum aleuticum occurs in a variety of habitats throughout its range, from moist, wooded ravines to stark serpentine barrens and from coastal cliffs to subalpine boulder fields. Although morphologic differences exist among populations in these diverse habitats, they are not consistent. Consequently, infraspecific taxa are not recognized here within A . aleuticum .

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Description

Stems short-creeping or suberect; scales bronzy deep yellow, concolored, margins entire. Leaves lax-arching to stiffly erect or pendent, often densely clustered, 15--110 cm. Petiole 0.5--3 mm diam., glabrous, often glaucous. Blade fan-shaped to funnel-shaped, pseudopedate, 1-pinnate distally, 5--45 × 5--45 cm; proximal pinnae (1--)2--7-pinnate; rachis straight, glabrous, often with glaucous bloom. Segment stalks 0.2--0.9(--1.3) mm, dark color entering into segment base or not. Ultimate segments oblong, long-triangular, or occasionally reniform, ca. 2.5--4 times as long as broad; basiscopic margin straight to oblique, or occasionally excavate; acroscopic margin lobed, lobes separated by narrow to broad incisions 0.2--3 mm wide; apex acute to obtuse, obtuse apices divided into ± angular lobes separated by sinuses 0.6--4 mm deep, margins of lobes sharply denticulate. False indusia transversely oblong to crescent-shaped, 0.2--3.5(--6) mm, glabrous. Spores mostly 37--47 µm diam. 2 n = 58.

Flora of North America @ eFloras.org

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Diagnostic Description

Synonym

Adiantum pedatum Linnaeus var. aleuticum Ruprecht, Distr. Crypt. Vasc. Ross., 49. 1845; A. boreale C. Presl; A. pedatum subsp. aleuticum (Ruprecht) Calder & Roy L. Taylor; A. pedatum subsp. calderi Cody; A. pedatum subsp. subpumilum (W. H. Wagner) Lellinger; A. pedatum var. subpumilum W. H. Wagner

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat & Distribution

Sporulating summer--fall. Wooded ravines, shaded banks, talus slopes, serpentine barrens, and coastal headlands (uncommon); 0--3200 m; Alta., B.C., Nfld., Que.; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Md., Mont., Nev., Oreg., Pa., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wyo.; Mexico in Chihuahua.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Adiantum aleuticum

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Wikipedia

Adiantum aleuticum

Adiantum aleuticum (western maidenhair fern) is a species of fern in the genus Adiantum, native mainly to western North America from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, south to Chihuahua, and also locally in northeastern North America from Newfoundland south to Maryland.

1 Description
2 Taxonomy
3 Medicinal Uses
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Description

The fronds grow to 15-110 cm high, and are fan-shaped, light to medium green with dark brown to black stems. It prefers fertile, moist soil in rock crevices near streams, from sea level in the north of its range, up to 3,200 m altitude in the south of its range. It tolerates serpentinite rock well, and is confined to this mineral-rich rock in some areas.

Other common names include serpentine maidenhair, Aleutian maidenhair, and five-fingered fern.

Taxonomy

All species in the genus Adiantum are currently placed in the subfamily Vittarioideae of family Pteridaceae on the basis of molecular phylogenetic evidence.^[1] Formerly classified as A. pedatum var. aleuticum, it was shown to be a separate species in 1991.^[2]

Medicinal Uses

Frond tea is used to strengthen mucosal membranes, treat coughs, throat congestion, and respiratory irritation caused by air pollution.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf.
^ Paris, Cathy A. (April 1991), "Adiantum viridimontanum, a new maidenhair fern in eastern North America", Rhodora 93 (874): 105–121, http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002085089

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Names and Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Comments: Formerly included in Adiantum pedatum (under various names including A. pedatum var. aleuticum and A. pedatum var. calderi), but reproductively and morphologically isolated (C.A. Paris, Flora of North America, vol. 2, 1993). Accepted as a species by Kartesz (1994 checklist and 1999 floristic synthesis). Widespread but somewhat irregularly distributed in the American West, from Arizona, California, and Chihuahua north to Montana, Alberta, and Alaska; also occurring infrequently, primarily or exclusively on serpentine, in the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. The true Adiantum pedatum (as presently interpreted) is eastern, ranging westward only to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Texas (see maps in Flora North America, vol. 2, 1993).

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