Table of Contents
Overview
Distribution
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
Japan (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
China (Asia)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
-
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1988-2013. Fl. China Unpaginated. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42480
-
García-Mendoza, A. J. & J. Meave del Castillo. 2011. Divers. Florist. Oaxaca 1–351. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100009052
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Trusted
National Distribution
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
Trusted
The distribution of Equisetum hyemale is Holarctic, and nearly circumboreal, spanning vast regions of North America and Eurasia. In North America occurrences are as far south as the White, Inyo and Warner Mountains in California and into Virgina on the eastern seaboard.
- *University of California. 1921. Publications in botany, Volume 9. By University of California, Berkeley
- : *Jepson Manual. 1993. Equisetum hyemale University of California, Berkeley, Ca.
Supplier: C. Michael Hogan
Trusted
Physical Description
Morphology
Description
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Trusted
Ecology
Associations
Foodplant / saprobe
seriate or widely scattered, covered pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta equiseti is saprobic on locally bleached, dead, dry stem of Equisetum hyemale
Remarks: season: 2-4
Plant / associate
mycelial muff of Morchella esculenta is associated with live root of Equisetum hyemale
Foodplant / saprobe
sometimes in rows acervulus of Titaeospora coelomycetous anamorph of Titaeospora equiseti is saprobic on dying, locally reddish-brown stained stem of Equisetum hyemale
Remarks: season: 3-4
© BioImages
Trusted
Evolution and Systematics
Functional Adaptations
Functional adaptation
Stems of scouring horsetail vary their stiffness by having rings of supportive tissues that react to changes in turgor.
"Plants with hollow axes, e.g. various horsetails and grasses, serve as generators of biological concepts for technical structures with variable stiffness. Their structure is characterised by a thin outer ring of strengthening tissue stabilised by a lining of parenchyma cells (Fig. 1A-C). The hollow stems are divided into shorter segments (internodes) by transverse walls and stem thickenings at the so called nodes. The nodes significantly reduce the danger of local buckling in these light-weight structures. The stability of these stems depends significantly on the internal pressure (turgor) of the parenchymatous cells. If the turgor pressure is reduced, e.g. by water deficiency, stiffness and stability of the stems decrease. In some species--such as the Brazilian Giant Horsetail (Equisetum giganteum)...the resistance to ovalisation is extremely turgor-dependent. In other horsetail species--such as the Dutch Rush (E. hyemale)--the outer ring of strengthening tissue is connected via wedge-shaped elements with an inner ring of strengthening tissue forming a mechanically resistant sandwich structure (Fig. 1D, E). These stems are also stabilised by the pressurised lining of parenchymatous cells but depend much less on the turgor pressure of the parenchyma cells. The mechanical stability resisting stem ovalisation is diminished by only about 20% due to reduction of the turgor pressure.
"Potential technical implementations are manifold, inspired by plants with mechanical properties of the stem varying with the internal pressure of the pressurised cellular lining. These include light-weight structures with chambered pressure-stabilised pneumatic structures that feature a segmental variation of stiffness and the ability to adapt their stiffness or form to changing outer conditions, facilitated either adaptively or via integrated active control. Envisaged technical applications for these types of biomimetic technical smart materials include: (1) shells of airplane wings and other aircraft (adaptation to changing aerodynamics); (2) shells of buildings of innovative construction; (3) car parts, e.g. aerodynamically adjustable spoilers."(Speck et al. 2004:199-200)
Learn more about this functional adaptation.
- Speck, T; Masseleter, T; Prum, B; Speck, O; Luchsinger, R; Fink, S. 2004. Plants as concept generators for biomimetic lightweight structures with various stiffness and self-repair mechanisms. Journal of Bionics Engineering. 1(4): 199-205.
© The Biomimicry Institute
Source:
AskNature
Trusted
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Equisetum hyemale
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
Trusted
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Equisetum hyemale
Public Records: 14
Specimens with Barcodes: 18
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
Trusted
Conservation
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
Trusted
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
Trusted
Wikipedia
Equisetum hyemale
Equisetum hyemale (rough horsetail or scouring rush), known in South Africa as snake grass,[1] is a species of horsetail native to moist forests, forest edges and stream banks, swamps and fens throughout the Holarctic Kingdom.
Equisetum hyemale is commonly known as scouring rush. It is evergreen, the masses of its stems appearing very dark green in winter. It forms dense clonal colonies, and is often found along rivers and railroad tracks. It withstands heavy flooding.
Contents |
Usage
The rough bristles have been used to scour or clean pots, used as sandpaper, as well as to shape the reeds of reed instruments such as clarinets or saxophones.[2][3]
Boiled and dried Equisetum hyemale is used as traditional polishing material like fine grit sandpaper in Japan.
Some Plateau Indian tribes boiled the stalks to produce a drink used as a diuretic and to treat venereal disease.[4]
This species is also sometimes cultivated, but must be kept in a site where positive control is possible, as it spreads aggressively. It is sometimes used as an aquatic plant, and seems to tolerate permanent immersion, as long as most of the stem is emergent. It is sometimes sold in the trade as "barred horsetail" or "Equisetum japonicum" (not to be confused with Equisetum ramosissimum var. Japonicum).
Invasiveness
This species is potentially an invasive species in South Africa and Australia.[1]
References
- ^ a b http://lifeisagarden.co.za/home/invasive-alien-plants-%E2%80%93-plant-me-instead/be-aware-of-invasive-snake-grass.html
- ^ Johnson, Derek; Linda Kershaw, Andy Mackinnon, Jim Pojar (1995) (Digitized online by Google books). Plants of the Western Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland. Lone Pine Publishing and the Canadian Forest Service. pp. 281. ISBN 1-55105-058-7. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Gpn0HAAACAAJ&dq=Aspen+Parkland. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ Wilkinson, Kathleen (1999). Wildflowers of Alberta A Guideto Common Wildflowers and Other Herbaceous Plants. Edmonton Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing and University of Alberta. pp. 34. ISBN 0-88864-298-9.
- ^ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 353. ISBN 0-295-97119-3.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
Disclaimer
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!
