The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1996. database, The PLANTS Database
• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 2000. database, The PLANTS Database
• 2011. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
• AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
• Bailey, L.H., E.Z. Bailey, and the L.H. Bailey Hortatorium. 1976. Hortus Third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. New York: Macmillan. pp. 877–887.
• Balick, M. J., M. Nee & D. E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85: i–ix, 1–246.
• CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
• Cornillez, L. 1999. The History of the Spice Trade in India. Post-Colonial Studies issue paper, Emory University. Accessed 17 July 2012 from http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Spice_Trade.html.
• Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1999. Fl. China 4: 1–453. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
• Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
• Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584.
• Hedrick, U.P., ed. 1919. Sturtevant’s Notes on Edible Plants. State of New York. Dept of Agriculture. 27th annual report, vol. 2, part II. Albany, NY: J.B. Lyon Co. pp. 439–440.
• Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. 1–860. In O. Hokche, P. E. Berry & O. Huber Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
• Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Flora de Antioquia. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. 2. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia. Pp. 1-939.
• Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Regional: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Apr 2011). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Piperales of North America Update
• SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
• Steyermark, J. 1995. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Project.
• Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker. 1950. Piperac. N. South Amer. 1–838. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
• Wikipedia. 2012. Spice trade [Internet]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2012 Jul 17, 20:00 UTC [cited 2012 Jul 19]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spice_trade&oldid=502847661.
• van Wyk, B.-E. 2005. “Piper nigrum.” Food Plants of the World: An Illustrated Guide. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 298.