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Top Camp, Queensland, Australia
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Cystoderma amianthinumEarthy Powdercap, Amiant-KoernchenschirmlingSlo.: rjava zrnovkaDate: Oct. 28. 2009Lat.: 46.36079 Long.: 13.70115Code: Bot_396/2009-0265Habitat: pasture, close to a wood side (Picea abies), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, partly in shade, fully exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.00 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy grassland, soilPlace: Trenta valley, upper part of Na Melu place, south-east slopes of Mt. Bavki Grintavec, 2.347 m (7.701 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 5.5 m (SD=0.4 m) x 3.4 m (SD=0.3 m), n=15, spore print creamy. Ref:Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si/M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 172R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 534R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 220
www.mushroomexpert.com/cystoderma_amianthinum.html
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Kingdom=FungiPhylum=BasidiomycotaClass=AgaricomycetesOrder=AgaricalesFamily=AgaricaceaeGenus=Mycenastrum?
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Lepiota oreadiformis Vel., syn.: Lepiota pratensis (Buill.: Fr.) Rea, Lepiota laevigata (Lange) LangeDE: Glatter Schirmling, Ockerblasser SchirmpilzSlo.: gladki deniekDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36131 Long.: 13.70194Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3183Habitat: grassland, mountain pasture; near mixed wood edge; moderately inclined mountain slope; southeast aspect; shallow soil, skeletal, calcareous ground; open, sunny place; dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil among grass.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, 'Na Melu' pasture near Trenta 2b cottage, on the uppermost part of the pasture; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: I find Lepiota a difficult genus regarding determination of species. For this find I was split between two options Lepiota clypeolaria and Lepiota oreadiformis. Lepiota clypeolaria is a much more frequent species in my country. Contrary, Lepiota oreadiformis is rare. Statistically the first option seems therefore much more probable. However, the sporocarps found were significantly smaller than of typical Lepiota clypeolaria, mature specimens lacked distinct annulus, and habitat of this find doesn't seem compatible with Lepiota clypeolaria at all (it grows in woods). Therefore it seems that Lepiota oreadiformis is a better fit. Typical habitat of this species are open places on dry, extensively used, not fertilized, base rich grassland, which perfectly fits to this find. With respect to pilei surface quite large differences can be found on pictures in the literature. Frequently pictures show pilei with smoother surface. However, authors state: pilei covered by 'distant, granular squamules, radially wrinkled' (Ref.:1), 'lightly covered by small, ocher brown, radially fibrous squamules' (Ref.4) and 'minutely felty when young, but breaking up into scales on ageing' (Ref.:2). Also, most pictures show pilei with less prominent buckle. So, I am not completely sure the determination is correct. Unfortunately, spore dimensions proved to be of no use for determination, at least against Lepiota clypeolaria. Differences in average spore dimensions for a given species among authors are larger than average differences between both species.Growing scattered and in small groups; about ten pilei present; pilei diameter 3 - 4 (5) cm, stipe 4 - 6 cm long and 4 - 5 mm in diameter; on young pilei a faint, white, fibrous 'ring' noticeable, mature fruitbodies with no observable ring; taste mild, not unpleasant; smell very mild but specific, on flour or cakes (?); SP faint, whitish-beige with slight green tint, oac6.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.9 [13 ; 13.8] 16 x 4.8 [5.4 ; 5.6] 6.2 microns; Q = 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 13.4 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 2.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 204. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 52. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 130. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 91. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 904.
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Washington, United States
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2011-12-18 Vienna XXII. district - Donauinsel (160 msm Quadrant 7864/2).German name: Stadt-Champignon, Trottoir-Egerling
See remarks here.
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Storridge Woods, Worcs
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Termite-mound FungusOn a property near Lake Wivenhoe, I wanted to remove the specimens as carefully as I could, so after digging out one side down to where the fruiting bodies formed, I gently dug beneath them and tipped the whole lot over.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Lycoperdon pyriforme Schff.:Pers.Stump Puffball, DE: Birnen-StublingSlo.: hrukasta pranicaDat.: Oct. 6. 2010Lat.: 46.33524 Long.: 13.49631Code: Bot_465/2010_IMG2775Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus Sylvatica dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: short, highly disintegrated and moss overgrown log of Picea abies lying on ground.Place: Bovec basin; south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, lower Gozdec place, next to the trail to Poljanca place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lycoperdon pyriforme has probably the most beautiful form of all our puffballs. It is a rather common species, which often grows in large tufted groups. It has almost global distribution (not present in Africa). In Himalaya it climbs up to 4.000 m elevation (Ref.:3). It is easy recognized by its typical form and the fact that it grows on rotten wood of conifers and broadleaved trees contrary to other puffballs, which grow on soil. Frequently the wood is almost totally decomposed or partly buried in ground, so it superficially appears that the mushrooms grow on soil. Further, white subgleba, which remains white also in mature sporocarps, is a sure identification characteristic. Photographed sporocarps were growing in a small group of six fruit bodies.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 3.7 [4.1 ; 4.2] 4.6 x 3.5 [3.9 ; 4] 4.4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.06] 1.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 x 4 microns; Qe = 1. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 934.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 152.(4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 394.
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Ballan, Victoria, Australia
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Agaricus xanthodermus Genev., syn.: Agaricus pseudocretaceus Bon, Psalliota grisea (A. Pearson) Essette, Agaricus pearsonianus Contu & CurreliYellow Stainer, DE: Karbol-Egerling, KarbolchampignonSlo.: karbolni kukmakDat.: Sept. 25. 2018Lat.: 46.358153 Long.: 13.700662Code: Bot_1159/2018_DSC3378Habitat: abandoned pasture, partly overgrown with bushes and trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; sunny, dry and relatively warm place; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 565 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abounded farm house Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: I find difficult to determine species names of genus Agaricus. If you search for taxon names pertaining to this genus in Index Fungorum for example you will get in return 6.000 different names! In the field the mushrooms shown here had unmistakably unpleasant smell and taste on chemicals (usually called phenolic or carbolic); measured spores fit well to Agaricus xanthodermus; the pilei had typical trapezoid form in vertical section (particularly when young), which also fits to this species. Yet, there are also problems: the habitat is not typical, it should be woods, but I found this fruit bodies in grassland; though the staining after cutting or damaging the fruit bodies was yellowish, it was only very faint, even in the base of the stipe, where it should be immediate and strong chrome-yellow. Stipe base of this observation shows a conspicuous rim and is quite flat at the bottom (marginate-bulbous), which is, according to several sources, typical for Agaricus essettei (now joined to Agaricus silvicola according to IF). Such stipe base may occasionally occur also with Agaricus xanthodermus according to Ref.: 1, and 2. Interestingly, two months after this observation, in dry state, smell changed completely to pleasant, on spices, similar on celery. However, not on anise or bitter-almonds, which is characteristic for some other species of this genus.Alternatively, this find could eventually be Agaricus campestris since it was found in grassland, but its spores are larger (6.5-8/4-5.5 or 6.4-7.9/4.4-5.6 according to Ref.: 2). Similar Agaricus essettei Bon (now Agaricus sylvicola) with typical stipe base as found in this observation, also has somewhat larger spores and doesn't show trapezoid pilei (at least not according to Ref.: 1). So, Agaricus xanthodermus seems promising, but not certain.Several pilei found; hut diameter (not expanded) 5-9 cm; stipe 5.5-11 cm long and 14-20 mm in diameter, bulb 28-32 mm diameter, fibrous, very faintly bruising yellowish; taste strong, unpleasant, long lasting, on chemistry (phenol); smell unpleasant, on chemistry when fresh, when dry (after 2 months) pleasant, on spices, celery? SP abundant, dark brown, oac637. Old gills become dark violet-brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5,1) 5,5 - 6,7 (7,4) (3,1) 3,4 - 4,1 (4,4) m; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,8 (1,9); N = 40; Me = 6 3,7 m; Qe = 1,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2010), p 166. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol. 4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 529. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 278. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 243.
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Pinares de Torrero. Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Lleva otro hongo( que parece parsito) que esta sin identificar.Identificacin: Biodiversidad Virtual
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Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr., syn.: Tulostoma granulosum LeveilleFringed Stalkball, DE: Gewimperte StielbovistSlo.: resasti puharDat.: Sept. 25. 2015Lat.: 46.36021 Long.: 13.70228Code: Bot_914/2015_DSC9243Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical regionSubstratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 'Na melu' place near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary.There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511.(5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Villaggio Mirastelle, Abruzzi, Italy
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Calvatia excipuliformisPestle Puffball, BeutelstaeublingSlo.: visoka pleivkaDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.44477 Long.: 13.63453Code: Bot_374/2009-2557Habitat: Steep stony slope with upland grass patches, calcareous rock, south oriented, full sun and precipitations exposed, average precipitations 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 2.200 m (7.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil Place: South slopes of Mt. Travnik, 2.200 m (7.218 feet), north part of Mt. Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Up to 10 cm (4 inches) high and up to 5 cm (2 inches) diameter. Spores round with warts, diameter 5.4 (SD=0.3) micr., n=25. Ref.:M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 304R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1084D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 686
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Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Reino:FungiPhylum: BasidiomycotaClase:BasidiomycetesOrden:TulostomatalesFamilia: Battarreaceae
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy