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Aquilegia vulgaris — Details

European Columbine learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Distribution

Range Description

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Aquilegia vulgaris L. ssp. ballii is a strict endemic of Morocco. It is suspected to be rare and its distribution is limited to the High Atlas where it is found in eight localities: Toubkal, Gorges of Lépiney, Ourika, Tachdirt, Arround, Seksaoua, Assaga, Ghat. The extent of occurrence of the species is in the range of 7,000 km² within which the occupied area doesn't exceed 600 km².

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Aquilegia vulgaris L.:
Canada (North America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Ecuador (South America)

Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador---A checklist. AAU Rep. 34: 1–443. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/47124
Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1700
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1704
Keener, C. S. 1992. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/29092
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250
Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1997. Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 3: i–xxiii, 1–590. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/24627

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National Distribution

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Canada

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Aquilegia vulgaris is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escapes into disturbed habitats. Most plants have blue or purple flowers (the wild type), but horticultural races with white or reddish flowers sometimes become established. Many cultivated columbines are derived from hybrids between A . vulgaris and related species. Some of our escaped plants are probably descended from such hybrids.

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Description

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Stems 30-72 cm. Basal leaves 2×-ternately compound, 10-30 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially, to 15-47 mm, not viscid; primary petiolules 22-60 mm (leaflets not crowded), pilose or rarely glabrous. Flowers nodding; sepals divergent from or perpendicular to floral axis, mostly blue or purple, lance-ovate, (10-)15-25 × 8-12 mm, apex broadly acute or obtuse; petals: spurs mostly blue or purple, hooked, 14-22 mm, stout, evenly tapered from base, blades mostly blue or purple, oblong, 10-13 × 6-10 mm; stamens 9-13 mm. Follicles 15-25 mm; beak 7-15 mm. 2 n = 14 (Europe).

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

It is found generally as isolated individuals, along streams and on humid rocks in mountains between 1,800-3,000 m elevation. It is a perennial plant (Hemicryptophyte) that blooms in the spring. Its localities are influenced by Mediterranean semi-arid cold, sub-humid, humid and high mountain bioclimate.

Systems

Terrestrial
Freshwater

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Habitat & Distribution

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Flowering spring-summer (May-Jul). Disturbed habitats; 0-1500 m; introduced; B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Conn., Ill., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Vt., Wash., W.Va.; native to Europe.

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Associations

Associations

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Foodplant / shot hole causer
Actinonema coelomycetous anamorph of Actinonema aquilegiae causes shot holes on live leaf of Aquilegia vulgaris

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
Erysiphe aquilegiae var. aquilegiae parasitises Aquilegia vulgaris

Foodplant / spot causer
Haplobasidion pavonium causes spots on live leaf of Aquilegia vulgaris

Foodplant / miner
larva of Ophiomyia aquilegiana mines stem (one or two internodes) of Aquilegia vulgaris

Foodplant / miner
larva of Phytomyza aquilegiae mines live leaf of Aquilegia vulgaris
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Phytomyza krygeri feeds within seed capsule of Aquilegia vulgaris
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pristiphora rufipes grazes on live leaf margin of Aquilegia vulgaris
Remarks: season: spring-summer
Other: sole host/prey

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Aquilegia vulgaris

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Species: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Rhazi, L., Grillas, P. & Rhazi, M.

Reviewer/s

Grillas, P., de Bélair, G., Temple, H. (IUCN Species Programme) & Muller, S.D.

Contributor/s

Justification

Aquilegia vulgaris ssp. ballii has a small extent of occurrence but is found at more than 10 locations. There are some general threats but these are not considered likely to have a significant impact on the species. It is classed as Least Concern, although uplisting to Near Threatened should be considered if the threats become more intense.

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

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Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

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Trends

Population

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Population

The size of the populations is not known.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

The major threat to Aquilegia vulgaris ssp. balliis is the deterioration of the quality of the habitat due to a high grazing pressure on the sites, tourism (trampling), agriculture next to the springs, pollution of soil and water, and accumulation of materials (rocks) at the time of the frequent heavy downpours in the mountains.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no conservation measures in place, but the following actions are needed:
- Surveillance of the existing sites and to search for new sites
- To study the biology and the ecology of the species and to estimate the population size
- Monitoring the population dynamics
- Enforcement of legal protection measures (Law on the studies of impact, law on the protection and the enhancement of the environment)
- Raising public awareness
- Legal protection (list of protected species in Morocco)

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Wikipedia

Aquilegia vulgaris

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Aquilegia vulgaris (European Columbine, Common Columbine or Granny's Nightcap) is a species of columbine native to Europe.

Contents

1 Description
2 Cultivation
3 Folklore
4 Toxicity
5 Gallery
6 References

Description

It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1.2 m tall, with branched, thinly hairy stems. The leaves are pinnate, with the basal leaflets themselves trifoliate.

Cultivation

Cultivars include the Barlow series (Nora Barlow, Black Barlow, Rose Barlow, Christa Barlow), Pretty Bonnets. Seeds may be sold as mixtures.

Folklore

In traditional herbalism columbine was considered sacred to Venus; carrying a posy of it was said arouse the affections of a loved one. Nicholas Culpeper recommended it to ease the pains of childbirth. In modern herbal medicine it is used as an astringent and diuretic.^[1]

Toxicity

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011)

The plant is a member of the poisonous Ranunculus family. The dried crushed seeds made into a dusting powder will kill lice very effectively. It is possible that inhaling the crushed seeds dust or otherwise absorbing oils from them may cause poisoning or at minimum exhibit symptoms of poisoning.

Gallery

Plants growing in natural habitat
Close-up of flowers

References

^ Howard, Michael. Traditional Herbal Remedies (Century, 1987), p.124

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