The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Abrams, L. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 635 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
• Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
• Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2005. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. 5: i–xxii + 1–656. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–lxxv, 1–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
• Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
• Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
• Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1984. Salicaceae to Saxifragaceae. Part II. 597 pp. In Vasc. Pl. Pacific N.W. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
• Moss, E. H. 1983. Fl. Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
• Syntype: Greene, E. L. 1885. Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 (3): 125.
• Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.