Overview
Distribution
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
Belize (Mesoamerica)
Bolivia (South America)
Brazil (South America)
Colombia (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Suriname (South America)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Venezuela (South America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100002289
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Cowan, C. P. 1983. Flora de Tabasco. Listados Floríst. México 1: 1–123.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/511
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Renner, S. S., H. Balslev & L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1990. Flowering plants of Amazonian Ecuador---A checklist. AAU Rep. 24: 1–241.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/43828
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Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/866
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Linares, J. L. 2003 [2005]. Listado comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la república de El Salvador. Ceiba 44(2): 105–268.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1029566
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Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1949. Sterculiaceae. In Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (Eds), Flora of Guatemala - Part VI. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(6): 403–428.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6469
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Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033072
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Macbride, J. F. 1956. Sterculiaceae, Flora of Peru. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3A/2): 622–667.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1304
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Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. N. S. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1031911
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Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250
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Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
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Cuatrecasas, J. 1964. Cacao and its allies: A taxonomic revision of the genus Theobroma. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35(6): 379–614.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2977
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Rondón, J. B. & L. J. C. Campos. 2005. Revisión taxonómica del género Theobroma (Sterculiaceae) en Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 28(1): 113–133.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1029207
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Pérez, A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. 65–110. In Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1030034
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Balick, M. J., M. Nee & D. E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85: i–ix, 1–246.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1014725
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Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. 1–860. In O. Hokche, P. E. Berry & O. Huber Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033110
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Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Flora de Antioquia. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. 2. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia. Pp. 1-939.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100008595
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D'Arcy, W. G. 1987. Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index. Part 1: The introduction and checklist. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: v–xxx, 1–328.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1289
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García-Mendoza, A. J. & J. Meave del Castillo. 2011. Divers. Florist. Oaxaca 1–351. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100009052
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Trusted
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. 1986. Field Museum Type Record.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1104
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Trusted
Wikipedia
Theobroma bicolor
Theobroma bicolor, known commonly as the Mocambo tree, Jaguar tree, Balamte,[1] or Pataxte, among various other common names, is a tree in the genus Theobroma (family Malvaceae), which also contains the better-known Theobroma cacao (Cocoa tree). It is known from Central and South America, including stretches of the Amazon rainforest in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Contents |
Taxonomy
T. bicolor is the only species in the Rhytidocarpus section of Theobroma.[2] It was described by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland in 1808.[3]
Description
T. bicolor can reach a height of 3–8 metres in open fields, although in the understories of forests it can grow to 25–30 metres.[2] It is a slow-growing tree and grows best in loose, unconsolidated soils. It is adapted to survive flooding at a minimal level, but can sometimes last in deeper floods.[4] In the central Amazon region, the tree produces fruit from March to November, and flowers from July to September.[2]
Cultivation
T. bicolor was historically cultivated by the Aztecs alongside T. cacao for production of chocolate, although when chocolate was introduced to the Spaniards they considered the product of T. bicolor to be of a lower quality.[5] Its seeds can also be eaten fried or in soups, and the seed pods when emptied are used as planters and containers.[4] The pulp which surrounds the seeds can be eaten fresh, and has a sweet, mild taste.[2]
When the fruit is ripe it naturally detaches from the tree branches and falls to the ground; the general method of harvesting is collecting the fallen fruit.[2]
Pests
Moniliophthora perniciosa, a fungus which causes "Witch's Broom Disease" on T. cacao, was reported on a Brazilian specimen of T. bicolor in 1999.[6]
References
- ^ The Jaguar Tree (Theobroma bicolor Bonpl.) by Johanna Kufer and Cameron L. Mcneil. Published by the University Press of Florida.
- ^ a b c d e Page 289, Food and Fruit-Bearing Forest Species, 3: Examples from Latin America/F2911 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Forest Resources Development Branch, 1986. ISBN 9251023727/ISBN 9789251023723
- ^ Page 1578, Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals), by Peter Hanelt, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; and R. Kilian, W. Kilian. Springer, 2001. ISBN 3540410171/ISBN 9783540410171
- ^ a b Theobroma bicolor (Macambo) at www.rainforestconservation.org.
- ^ Pataxte and cacao in Mayan ethnobotany, iconography, and art history by Nicholas M. Hellmuth, at www.maya-archaeology.org.
- ^ Theobroma bicolor host of Crinipellis perniciosa in Southern Bahia. Lopes, J. R. M.; Bezerra, J. L.; Luz, E. D. M. N. Agrotrópica, 1999 Vol. 11 No. 2 pp. 97-100. ISSN 0103-3816
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
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