Overview
Brief Summary
With a common name Milkmaids, this perennial has rhizomes less than two centimeters long and is tuber-like. The stem rises to a mature height of 20 to 70 centimeters. Leaves exhibit leaflets or lobes of cauline leaves that are entire, wavy or dentate. The cauline leaves are alternate, with lower leaves long-petioled, and upper ones short-petioled to sessile. The inflorescence has flowers whose petals are nine to 14 millimeters long, and white to pale rose in color. This species is one of the earliest to bloom within its range.
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* Jepson Manual. 1993. Cardamine californica University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
Supplier: C. Michael Hogan
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Distribution
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Munz, P. A. 1968. Suppl. Calif. Fl. 1–224. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1718
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
-
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
-
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Localities documented in Tropicos sources
United States (North America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
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Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1719
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
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NatureServe
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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NatureServe
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Global Range: Endemic to northwestern California; New Mexico reports considered false by Kartesz (1999).
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NatureServe
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Physical Description
Type Information
Catalog Number: US 213647
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): T. J. Howell
Year Collected: 1892
Locality: Near Crescent City., California, United States, North America
- Isotype: Greene, E. L. 1893. Erythea. 1: 148.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
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Ecology
Habitat
Comments: Shady banks (Abrams 1944). Moist places (Munz 1959). Forest floor, streambanks, moist slopes, canyons (Hickman 1993; Rollins 1993). In Sonoma County: cliffs, bluff sides (Best et al. 1996).
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Conservation
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N3 - Vulnerable
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T3 - Vulnerable
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NatureServe
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N3 - Vulnerable
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T3 - Vulnerable
Reasons: Cardamine californica var. sinuata is in northwestern California (below 300 meters) and western Oregon, occurring more or less near the coast on the often shady, moist forest floor, hillsides, clay banks, and in stream valleys.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Cardamine californica var. integrifolia ranges through California (below 500 meters) to southwestern Oregon. It can be common in suitable habitat, which includes open meadows and fields, hill slopes, and canyons.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N2 - Imperiled
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T2 - Imperiled
Reasons: Cardamine californica var. cuneata is in California (below 900 meters) in the northern South Coast Ranges, occurring in open woods, on moist hillsides. This taxon is a serpentine indicator.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T3 - Vulnerable
Reasons: Endemic in northwestern California (below 600 meters), occurring on hills and mountains, in canyons, moist places (including cliffs and slopes), along streambanks, and on the forest floor. New Mexico reports considered false by Kartesz (1999).
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure
© NatureServe
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Cardamine californica var. californica ranges through California (below 1200 meters) to Baja California in Mexico. It can be common in appropriate habitat, such as shady slopes and wooded ravines (e.g., Hickman 1993).
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
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Wikipedia
Cardamine californica
Cardamine californica (Milkmaids) (also Dentaria californica), is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to western North America from Washington to California and Baja California. It is common in a variety of habitats including shady slopes, open woodlands, chapparal and grasslands in the winter and early spring. In the San Francisco Bay Area it is one of the first wildflowers to bloom, with blossoms from January to May.[1]
Description
Cardamine californica is herbaceous perennial plant growing to about 1 ft tall. The flowers are produced on a spike, each flower about 1/2 inch in diameter with four white petals. The flower closes its petals in late afternoon as the sun goes down and nods its pedicel before a rain, protecting the pollen.[1]
Hand pollination of two milkmaids populations in the San Francisco Presidio improved seed set from 8% to 85%, with seeds ripening in about 53 days.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Kazuki Ariyoshi, Emily Magnaghi, Mark Frey (Fall 2006). "Hand-Pollination of Cardamine californica Improves Seed Set". Native Plants Journal (3): 248-252. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/native_plants_journal/v007/7.3ariyoshi.html. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
- "Wildflowers of Henry W. Coe State Park" brochure, Larry Ulrich, 2002
Source:
Wikipedia
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Names and Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Comments: Recognized as Cardamine cuneata in Kartesz (1994), but Kartesz (1999) agrees with Rollins (1993) to treat the taxon as this variety.
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Comments: Recognized as Cardamine cardiophylla in Kartesz (1994), but Kartesz (1999) agrees with Rollins (1993) to treat the taxon as this variety. Kartesz (1999) treats as a California endemic, with New Mexico reports considered false.
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Comments: Comprised of five varieties (Rollins 1993; Kartesz 1999).
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