Overview
Distribution
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
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Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
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Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Conservation
Conservation Status
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
© NatureServe
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NatureServe
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Wikipedia
Ceanothus fendleri
Ceanothus fendleri (Fendler['s] ceanothus, Fendler['s] buckbrush, deer brier[1]) is a species of flowering shrub native to northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, west Texas and the northeastern Texas panhandle, Utah, Colorado, eastern Wyoming, and western South Dakota.[2][3] Its typical habitat is pine forests from 1,500 to 3,000 meters (5000 to 10,000 feet) in altitude.[2]
Contents |
Description
Fendler's ceanothus seldom exceeds 1 m (3 ft) tall. The stems and twigs are grayish green when young, reddish brown when mature, armed with spines up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long. The leaves are grayish green and thick, with dense woolly hair on the underside.[2]
The flowers are about 2 mm across[4] and white, borne in thick clusters emanating from the leaf axils,[2] particularly on the older stems.[4] They all open at once, so the plant is covered with bloom. This usually happens in June or July, but may be any time from April to October according to the altitude and weather. As in other ceanothuses, there are five spoon-shaped or hooded petals, each partly covering a stamen.[2]
The fruits are three-celled capsules,[5] pink and glossy, forming an approximate rounded equilateral triangle with the stem at the center.[3] They typically ripen in August and September. When dry these pods exhibit explosive dehiscence, throwing the seeds out forcefully. The seeds are glossy dark brown, about 2 mm across.[6]
Animal interactions
Deer are particularly fond of browsing on Fendler's ceanothus.[2] In a study at Beaver Creek, Arizona, it was important to mule deer all year and constituted up to 6.9 percent of their summer diet[7] and might constitute even more where other forage species are less common.[8] Elk also eat it,[8] as North American porcupines, jackrabbits, and livestock do to a lesser extent.[2]
The caterpillars of Erynnis pacuvius, the buckthorn duskywing, feed on this plant and other species of Ceanothus.[1]
Ethnobotany
- Some have dried the leaves as a substitute for tea.
- The Acoma and Laguna Pueblo people ate the fruits.
- The Navajos combined this shrub and green gentian to make a medicine applied internally or externally, for "alarm and nervousness".[2]
References
- ^ a b "Erynnis pacuvius". Butterflies and Moths of North America. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Erynnis-pacuvius. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Elmore, Francis H. (1976). Trees and Shrubs of the Southwest Uplands. Western National Parks Association. pp. 121. ISBN 0-911408-41-X.
- ^ a b USDA, NRCS. 2008. Profile at the PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov), 30 June 2008). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- ^ a b Huffman, David W. (November, 2003). "Population Ecology of Fendler Ceanothus: Responses to Herbivory and Forest Restoration Treatments (Ph.D. thesis)" (pdf). Northern Arizona University. https://library.eri.nau.edu:8443/bitstream/2019/334/1/Huffman.2003.PopulationEcologyOfFendlerCeanothus.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-01. See also Huffman, David W.; Margaret M. Moore (2003). "Ungulate herbivory on buckbrush in an Arizona ponderosa pine forest" (pdf). Journal of Range Management (Allen Press) 56 (4): 358–363. doi:10.2307/4004039. JSTOR 4004039. https://library.eri.nau.edu:8443/bitstream/2019/164/1/HuffmanAndMoore.2003.UngulateHerbivoryOnBuckbrushIn.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
- ^ Huffman, Fendler Ceanothus, p. 36
- ^ Huffman, Fendler Ceanothus, pp. 36, 39
- ^ Urness, P.J., D.J. Neff, and R.K. Watkins. 1975. Nutritive value of mule deer forages on ponderosa pine summer range in Arizona. USDA Forest Service Research Note RM-304. Cited by Huffman, Fendler Ceanothus.
- ^ a b Huffman, Fendler Ceanothus, 20
Source:
Wikipedia
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