The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 1996. database, The PLANTS Database
• 2000. database, The PLANTS Database
• Abrams, L. 1951. Geraniums to Figworts. 3: 866 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
• Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 4: 1–573. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
• Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
• Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
• Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Hitchcock, C. H., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1984. Ericaceae through Campanulaceae. PartIV: 1–510. In Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
• Isolectotype: Greene, E. L. 1890. Pittonia. 2: 75.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Regional: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Apr 2011). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Polemoniaceae of North America Update