Veronica peregrina — Details

Veronica peregrina var. peregrina :
United States (North America)
Canada (North America)

Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1707
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327

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Veronica peregrina L.:
Bolivia (South America)
Canada (North America)
Colombia (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
United States (North America)
China (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
Mongolia (Asia)
Japan (Asia)
Venezuela (South America)

Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador---A checklist. AAU Rep. 34: 1–443. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/47124
Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1313
Méndez-Larios, I. & J. L. Villaseñor Ríos. 2001. La familia Scrophulariaceae in México: diversidad y distribución. Bol. Soc. Bot. México 69: 101–121. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021577
Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams. 1973. Scrophulariaceae. In Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part IX, Number 4. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(9/4): 319–416. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6593
Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau. 1984. 177. Scrophulariaceae. 21: 1–189. In G. W. Harling & B. B. Sparre (eds.) Fl. Ecuador. University of Göteborg and Swedish Museum of Natural history, Göteborg and Stockholm. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/11836
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 1–1576. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100000091
D'Arcy, W. G. 1987. Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17(1): i–xxx,. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1289
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. Nuev. Cat. Fl. Vas. Venezuela 1–860. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033110
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 84: viii–xv, 1–278. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1024098
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Dicot. 933 pp. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1711
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1998. Fl. China 18: 1–449. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018512
Barringer, K. & W. Burger. 2000. Family 193. Scrophulariaceae. In: W. Burger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 41: 1–69. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1017422

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Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis Kunth:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)

Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/866
Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
Sousa Sánchez, M. & E. F. Cabrera Cano. 1983. Flora de Quintana Roo. Listados Floríst. México 2: 1–100. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/512

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Veronica peregrina subsp. peregrina :
Chile (South America)

Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1592

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Veronica xalapensis Kunth:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002

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Veronica sherwoodii M. Peck:
United States (North America)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103

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Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) H. St. John & Warren:
Canada (North America)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1707
Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams. 1973. Scrophulariaceae. In Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part IX, Number 4. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(9/4): 319–416. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6593
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 4: 1–573. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl. Hafner Pub. Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1695

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Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell:
Argentina (South America)
Chile (South America)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
United States (North America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)

Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1592
Edwin, G. 1971. Scrophulariaceae. In: J. F. Macbride, Flora of Peru. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(5B/3): 461–717. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1361
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 1–1576. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100000091
Dawson, G. 1965. Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanthaceae in A. Burkart. 4(5): 100–121; 251–298; 304–331. In A. L. Cabrera Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/43724
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1719
Dawson, G. 1979. Scrophulariaceae in A. Burkart. 5: 453–504. In A. Burkart Fl. Il. Entre Ríos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/43661

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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Physical Description

Morphology

Description

Annuals, 5-25 cm tall, often many branched from base; main stems erect; branches diffuse, entirely glabrous or densely glandular pubescent. Leaves sessile, lower ones oblanceolate, upper narrowly oblong, 1-2.5 cm X 2-6(-8) mm, margin entire or deltoid dentate above middle. Racemes terminal and axillary, elongated, lax, to 20 cm in fruit; bracts alternate, similar to but slightly smaller than leaves. Pedicel less than 2 mm. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes broadly linear to narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm. Corolla white or pale blue, rotate, ca. 2 mm; lobes narrowly oblong to ovate. Stamens shorter than corolla. Capsule obcordate, strongly compressed, 3-4 mm, wider than long, margin short glandular ciliate, apex conspicuously notched. Style 0.2-0.3 mm, included in notch. Seeds ca. 40 per capsule, oblong, flattened, convex on both sides, smooth. Fl. May-Jun. 2n = 52.

Flora of China @ eFloras.org

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat & Distribution

Moist waste lands, roadsides; below 3000 m. Native to North America, naturalized in Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].

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Associations

Flower-Visiting Insects of Purslane Speedwell in Illinois

Veronica peregrina (Purslane Speedwell)
(Insects suck nectar; observations are from Robertson)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlorella aurata fq, Halictus confusus fq, Lasioglossum imitatus, Lasioglossum pilosus pilosus, Lasioglossum pruinosus, Lasioglossum versatus fq, Lasioglossum zephyrus; Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena cressonii

Flies
Syrphidae: Sphaerophoria contiqua, Toxomerus marginatus; Fanniidae: Fannia manicata; Chloropidae: Rhopalopterum soror

Plant Bugs
Thyreocoridae: Corimelaena pulicarius

Hilty, J. Editor. 2010. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. flowervisitors.info, version (09/2010).
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations H

Source: Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Veronica peregrina

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Species: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T5 - Secure

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Wikipedia

Veronica peregrina

Veronica peregrina is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by several common names, including neckweed, American speedwell and purslane speedwell. It is native to the Americas, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species and a common weed. It can be weedy in its native range, as well, growing on roadsides, on fields, and in other disturbed habitat. It is an annual herb growing from a taproot. The two subspecies are defined generally on the basis of hairiness: ssp. xalapensis is coated in glandular hairs and ssp. peregrina is a hairless variety. The plant produces erect stems up to about 30 centimeters tall. The leaves vary in shape from linear to lance-shaped to spoon-shaped, with smooth or serrated edges, and the lower ones are borne on petioles. The inflorescence is a loose terminal raceme of flowers and lance-shaped bracts. The flowers are generally white and 2 or 3 millimeters wide.

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