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Overview

Distribution

Range Description

The species is cosmopolitan in distribution. The plant occurs in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Nepal and USA (Cook 1996). In India it is reported from Andaman and Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal (Cook 1996).
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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Global Range: Nova Scotia to Ontario and Minnesota, south to Florida, west to Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas; in the west, from British Columbia south to California (where it was probably introduced - Hickman 1993). Also in Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies, including Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Bahamas. Also in the Old World (Africa, Asia).

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Utricularia gibba L.:
Algeria (Africa & Madagascar)
Angola (Africa & Madagascar)
Argentina (South America)
Australia (Oceania)
Belize (Mesoamerica)
Burkina (Africa & Madagascar)
Burma (Asia)
Bolivia (South America)
Brazil (South America)
Botswana (Africa & Madagascar)
Canada (North America)
Central African Republic (Africa & Madagascar)
Congo (Brazzaville) (Africa & Madagascar)
Cameroon (Africa & Madagascar)
Colombia (South America)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Ecuador (South America)
Egypt (Africa & Madagascar)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Ethiopia (Africa & Madagascar)
French Guiana (South America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Namibia (Africa & Madagascar)
New Caledonia (Oceania)
Mauritius (Africa & Madagascar)
Mali (Africa & Madagascar)
Morocco (Africa & Madagascar)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
Guyana (South America)
Gabon (Africa & Madagascar)
Ghana (Africa & Madagascar)
Guinea (Africa & Madagascar)
Guinea-Bissau (Africa & Madagascar)
Hungary (Europe)
Ivory Coast (Africa & Madagascar)
Japan (Asia)
Java (Asia)
Kenya (Africa & Madagascar)
Liberia (Africa & Madagascar)
Nigeria (Africa & Madagascar)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
Nepal (Asia)
Niger (Africa & Madagascar)
New Guinea (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Philippines (Asia)
Portugal (Europe)
Malaysia (Asia)
Chad (Africa & Madagascar)
Mozambique (Africa & Madagascar)
Paraguay (South America)
Sierra Leone (Africa & Madagascar)
Rwanda (Africa & Madagascar)
Sudan (Africa & Madagascar)
Senegal (Africa & Madagascar)
Sri Lanka (Asia)
Sulawesi (Asia)
Suriname (South America)
Spain (Europe)
Thailand (Asia)
Taiwan (Asia)
Tanzania (Africa & Madagascar)
Uganda (Africa & Madagascar)
Uruguay (South America)
Palau (Oceania)
India (Asia)
Indonesia (Asia)
Papua New Guinea (Asia)
Venezuela (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
United Kingdom (Europe)
China (Asia)
Zimbabwe (Africa & Madagascar)
Zambia (Africa & Madagascar)
Zaire (Africa & Madagascar)
Borneo (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)
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Utricularia secunda Benj.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
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Utricularia emarginata Benj.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
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Utricularia aphylla Ruiz & Pav.:
Peru (South America)
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Utricularia pumila Walter:
United States (North America)
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Utricularia gibba subsp. gibba :
Chile (South America)
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)
  • Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1592 External link.
  • Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1371 External link.
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Utricularia obtusa Sw.:
Argentina (South America)
Bolivia (South America)
Brazil (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
French Guiana (South America)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Paraguay (South America)
Uruguay (South America)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
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Utricularia fibrosa Walter:
United States (North America)
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Utricularia biflora Roxb.:
China (Asia)
United States (North America)
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Utricularia longirostris Leconte ex Elliott:
Brazil (South America)
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Utricularia anomala A. St.-Hil. & Girard:
Brazil (South America)
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Physical Description

Diagnostic Description

Leaves alternate, all bearing bladders, without inflated petioles, branching mostly once (U. gibba sensu stricto, excluding U. biflora) or twice (sensu lato, including U. biflora), the ultimate segments terete and filiform. Corolla yellow, lower lip little if any longer than the upper. Flowers 1-3 (excluding U. biflora) or 1-4 (including U. biflora) per scape. Plant aquatic. See Radford et al. (1968), Gleason and Cronquist (1991), Great Plains Flora Association (1986).

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology
It is annual or perennial herb without roots. Affixed or planktonic, in humid regions sometimes growing terrestrially. Found in a very wide spectrum of aquatic habitats. Often very common but usually found growing intertwined between other plants. Frequent in rice fields but not harmful (Cook 1996). Utricularia gibba is an obligate wetland species. The species has been identified as a specialist invasive species and may out-compete native bladderworts in lowland wetland ecosystems in countries where it is introduced (ISSG 2006).

Systems
  • Terrestrial
  • Freshwater
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Comments: Utricularia gibba and U. biflora: Shallow water: pools, ponds, ditches, canals, springheads (Fernald 1950, Gleason and Cronquist 1991, Godfrey and Wooten 1981, Great Plains Flora Association 1986, Hough 1983, Radford et al. 1968, Steyermark 1963). U. biflora also reported from swamps (Godfrey and Wooten 1981) and U. gibba from bogs (Fernald 1950, Hough 1983) and sloughs (Steyermark 1963). In Missouri, Steyermark (1963) writes of U. gibba, "often found floating in masses on mucky debris and organic detritus on the surface of upland sink-hole ponds in the Ozarks". In Puerto Rico, U. gibba is found "creeping on the bottom in shallow water at low elevations" (Liogier and Martorell 1982). In California (where it may be exotic) U. gibba is uncommon, occurring in shallow water and mud, below 1600 meters (Hickman 1993).

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Population Biology

Number of Occurrences

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences: 81 to >300

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction is sexual, from perfect flowers. The flowers display specialization for insect pollination (Proctor and Yeo 1973). The seeds are probably water-dispersed.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Utricularia gibba

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2011

Assessor/s
Anitha, K.

Reviewer/s
Daniel, B.A., Rasingam, L., Raghavan, R., Gunaga, S. & Molur, S.

Contributor/s
Molur, S.

Justification
Utricularia gibba is cosmopolitan in distribution, with no known threats and is therefore considered as Least Concern.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Reasons: Widespread from tropical America, including the Caribbean, to southeastern Canada; also in the Old World. Common in parts of its range.

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Population

Population
There is no information on the population of the species.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

Major Threats
There is no identified threat for the species.
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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions
There is no conservation action known for the species. Research on ecology, life history and population dynamics of the species is recommended.
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Biological Research Needs: Sort out (understand) the current taxonomy: Kartesz (1994, 1999) lists U. biflora Lam., U. obtusa Sw., and U. pumila Walt. as synonyms of this species. (1) U. biflora has been treated separately in somewhat recent floras, but also as a synonym of U. gibba (Diggs et al. 1999; Wunderlin 1998; Hickman 1993). (2) The identity of U. pumila may be in question: Fernald (1950) listed it as a possible synonym of U. biflora; in other floras the name is variously given as a synonym of U. biflora (Gleason 1952; Radford et al. 1968; Godfrey and Wooten 1981), or U. gibba (Kartesz; Wunderlin 1998; Correll and Correll 1982), or U. fibrosa Walt. (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). (3) The latter is maintained as a separate species from U. gibba by Kartesz (1994) and some other authors, but considered another synonym in Kartesz (1999) and Hickman (1993). Liogier (1995, 2000) maintains U. obtusa, citing as a synonym U. gibba sensu P. Taylor (1964) pro parte, non Linnaeus (1753).

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Wikipedia

Utricularia gibba

Utricularia gibba, commonly known as the humped[1] or floating bladderwort,[2] is a small, mat forming species of aquatic bladderwort. This species has a vast geographic range and occurs naturally in the USA (all states except Alaska and Rocky mountain states), Canada, Central and South America, Spain, Israel, most of Africa, most of Asia -including China and Japan-, New Guinea, Australia and Tasmania and the North Island of New Zealand.[3] The specific epithet is Latin for "hump" or "swelling" - a reference to the inflated base of the lower lip of the corolla.[3]

U. gibba is listed as a weed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Utricularia gibba". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=UTGI. Retrieved 2008-12-28. 
  2. ^ New South Wales Flora Online: Utricularia gibba by R. Rowe & E. A. Brown, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
  3. ^ a b Bruce Salmon (2001) "Carnivorous Plants of New Zealand" Ecosphere Publications


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Names and Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Comments: Following Kartesz (1999), this species includes the plants in some (earlier) works considered as the separate species Utricularia biflora. Kartesz (1999) also includes U. fibrosa Walt. (accepted as distinct in Kartesz (1994)), U. obtusa Sw. and U. pumila Walt and places U. fibrosa Britt in U. striata. The treatment in Weakley (2010 draft) includes U. fibrosa Walt. in U. striata and accepts U. biflora as distinct.

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