View Pentatomoidea Tree

Morphological unweighted tree after Grazia et al. (2008).

Alternative views on Pentatomoidea relationships have been proposed in the past. A few of the hypothesis proposed for the group (not based on cladistic analyses) are for instance:

More recently, Grazia et al. (2008) using cladistic methods proposed a series of phylogenetic hypotheses for Pentatomoidea based on morphological, molecular, and combined data sets. The trees shown below are the alternative hypotheses for each one of these data sets. The taxon sampling for the molecular data set was not as complete as the morphological one. Clearly, more data–in particular molecular–is needed to test these hypotheses.

Here are some of the alternative hypotheses of Grazia et al. (2008):

Total evidence tree (weighting scheme 1:1)	Combined molecular tree (weighting scheme 1:1)

In Grazia et al. (2008) Pentatomidae (s. lat.) includes as subordinate groups Cyrtocorinae and Aphylinae, treated as families by some authors. In the morphological analysis Aphylinae, Cyrtocorinae, and Pentatomidae s. str. were always monophyletic. No molecular data were available for these taxa.