The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org/
• 10. Hicks, D.J. and Mauchamp, A. (2000) Population structure and growth patterns of Opuntia echios var. gigantea along an elevational gradient in the Galápagos Islands. Biotropica, 32 (2): 235 - 243.
• 11. Grant, B.R. and Grant, P.R. (1981) Exploitation of Opuntia cactus by birds on the Galápagos. Oecologia, 49: 179 - 187.
• 12. Oldfield, S. (1997) Cactus and Succulent Plants: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• 13. UNEP-WCMC: Galápagos Islands National Park and Marine Reserve, Ecuador (May, 2009) http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf
• 2. Wiggins, I.L. and Porter, D.M. (1971) Flora of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California.
• 3. Jackson, M.H. (1993) Galápagos: A Natural History. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.
• 4. CITES (April, 2009) http://www.cites.org
• 5. Anderson, E.F. (2001) The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
• 6. Racine, C.H. and Downhower, J.F. (1974) Vegetative and reproductive strategies of Opuntia (Cactaceae) in the Galapagos Islands. Biotropica, 6 (3): 175 - 186.
• 7. McMullen, C.K. (1999) Flowering Plants of the Galápagos. Cornell University Press, New York.
• 8. Hamann, O. (2001) Demographic studies of three indigenous stand-forming plant taxa (Scalesia, Opuntia¸and Bursera) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 223 - 250.
• 9. Charles Darwin Foundation. (2006) Charles Darwin Research Station Fact Sheet: Opuntia cactus. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (AISBL), Galapagos, Ecuador. Available at http://www.darwinfoundation.org/files/species/pdf/opuntia-en.pdf
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
• Lawesson, J. E., H. Adsersen & P. Bentley. 1987. An updated and annotated check list of the vascular plants of the Galapagos Islands. Rep. Bot. Inst. Univ. Aarhus 16: 1–74.
• Porter, D. M. 1983. Vascular plants of the Galapagos: Origins and dispersal. 33–54. In M. B. R. I. Bowman & A. E. Leviton Patt. Evol. Galapagos Org. Pacific Division, AAAS, San Francisco.
• Valencia Reyes, R., N. C. A. Pitman, S. León-Yánez & P. M. Jørgensen. 2000. Libro Rojo Pl. Endémic. Ecuador 2000 i–v, 1–489. Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
• Wiggins, I. L. & D. M. Porter. 1971. Fl. Galápagos Isl. i–xx, 1–998. Stanford University Press, Stanford.