Overview
Distribution
circum-(sub)tropical
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UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1318
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Atlantic Coast of South America, Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Mozambique, South Africa (country)
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Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43: 419-453
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9271
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Monniot, C. & F. Monniot (1976). Ascidies de la Côte du Mozambique. [Ascidians from the Mozambique coast.] Rev. Zool. Afr. (1974) 90(2): 357-392.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6552
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Millar, R.H. (1962). Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 46(7): 113-221
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6554
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Millar, R.H. (1955). On a collection of ascidians from South Africa. Proc. Zool. Soc.. Lond. 125(1): 169-221.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6558
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 352-355
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1384
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Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079
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Rocha, R.M.; Bonnet, N.Y.K; Baptista, M.S.; Beltramin, F. S. 2012. Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Zoologia 29(1):39-53
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=156691
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Ecology
Habitat
Known from the nearshore.
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Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
http://www.marinespecies.org/arms/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145467
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Depth range based on 53 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 11 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 102
Temperature range (°C): 15.187 - 28.031
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.086 - 20.421
Salinity (PPS): 33.764 - 36.186
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.876 - 4.878
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.054 - 1.488
Silicate (umol/l): 0.667 - 10.181
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 102
Temperature range (°C): 15.187 - 28.031
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.086 - 20.421
Salinity (PPS): 33.764 - 36.186
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.876 - 4.878
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.054 - 1.488
Silicate (umol/l): 0.667 - 10.181
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 11 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 102
Temperature range (°C): 15.187 - 28.031
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.086 - 20.421
Salinity (PPS): 33.764 - 36.186
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.876 - 4.878
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.054 - 1.488
Silicate (umol/l): 0.667 - 10.181
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 102
Temperature range (°C): 15.187 - 28.031
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.086 - 20.421
Salinity (PPS): 33.764 - 36.186
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.876 - 4.878
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.054 - 1.488
Silicate (umol/l): 0.667 - 10.181
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Trusted
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