The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Berril, N.J., (1931). Studies in tunicate development. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B), 219, 281-346.
• Berril, N.J., (1950). The Tunicata with an account of the British species. London: Ray Society.
• C. H. Peterson, The importance of predation and competition in organizing the intertidal epifaunal communities of Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, Oecologia (Berlin) 39:1-24, from p. 8 (1979).
• Carlton, J. T. (2007). The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. 1001. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
• De Maersschalck, V. (2004). An inventory of the macrofauna of the Sluice Dock at Oostende: contribution to an integrated management [Een inventarisatie van de macrofauna van de Spuikom te Oostende: bijdrage tot een geïntegreerd beheer]. MSc Thesis. Universiteit Gent, Vakgroep Biologie: Gent, Belgium. 71, tables, figures pp.
• Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
• Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
• Flemer, D.A., Stanley, R.S., Ruth, B.F., Bundrick, C.M., Moody, P.H. & Moore, J.C. (1995). Recolonization of estuarine organisms - effects of microcosm size and pesticides. Hydrobiologia, 304, 85-101.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Haydar, D., Hoarau G., Olsen J. L., Stam W. T., & Wolff W. J. (2011). Introduced or glacial relict? Phylogeography of the cryptogenic tunicate Molgula manhattensis (Ascidiacea, Pleurogona). Diversity and Distributions. 17, 68-80.
• Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
• Hiscock, K., (1983). Water movement. In Sublittoral ecology. The ecology of shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. R. Earll & D.G. Erwin), pp. 58-96. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
• Kott, P., (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea. Part I, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1-440.
• Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
• Kozloff, E. N., & Price L. H. (1996). Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. 539. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
• Lambert, C. C., & Lambert G. (1998). Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology. 130, 675-688.
• Lambert, C. C., & Lambert G. (2003). Persistence and differential distribution of nonindigenous ascidians in harbors of the Southern California Bight. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 259, 145-161.
• Land J. van der (ed) (†) (2013). URMO: UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (version Nov 2008). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Mark, S., Provencher, L., Albert, E. et Nozères, C. 2010. Cadre de suivi écologique de la zone de protection marine Manicouagan (Québec) : bilan des connaissances et identification des composantes écologiques à suivre. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2914 : xi + 121 p
• Mayer, Alfred Goldsborough. 1906. Sea-Shore Life : the Invertebrates of the New York Coast and the Adjacent Coast Region. New York City, NY : A. S. Barnes & Company; Fig.119
• Millar, 1970; p. 79 (Norway to Portugal and north-east American waters)
• Millar, R. H. 1966. Tunicata: Ascidiacea. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, no. 1. 123
• Millar, R.H., (1970). British Ascidians London: Academic Press.[Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 1.]
• Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 352-355
• Morales-Alamo, R. & Mann, R. (1990). Recruitment and growth of oysters on shell planted at four monthly intervals in the lower Potomac River, Maryland. Journal of Shellfish Research, 9, 165-172.
• Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• Naranjo, S.A., Carballo, J.L., & Garcia-Gomez, J.C., (1996). Effects of environmental stress on ascidian populations in Algeciras Bay (southern Spain). Possible marine bioindicators? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 144, 119-131.
• Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) database, compiled by Ann Knowlton.
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Osman, R.W. & Whitlatch, R.B., (1995). The influence of resident adults on larval settlement: experiments with four species of ascidians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 190, 199-220.
• Osman, R.W., Whitlatch. R.B. & Malatesta, R.J. (1992). Potential role of micro-predators in determining recruitment into a marine community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 83, 35-43.
• Otsuka, C.M. & Dauer, D.M. (1982). Fouling community dynamics in Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia. Estuaries, 5, 10-22.
• Polk, Ph. (1976). Inventarisatie plankton: fauna en flora [Plankton inventory : fauna and flora], in: Nihoul, J.C.J.; De Coninck, L. (Ed.) (1976). Project Sea final report: 7. Inventory of fauna and flora. Project Sea final report, 7: pp. 233-311
• Saffo, M.B., (1990). Symbiosis within a symbiosis: intracellular bacteria within the endosymbiotic protist Nephromyces. Marine Biology, 107, 291-296.
• Saffo, M.B. & Davis, W.L., (1982). Modes of infection of the ascidian Molgula manhattensis by its endosymbiont Nephromyces Giard Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 162, 105-112.
• Sagasti, A., Schaffner, L.C. & Duffy, J.E., (2000). Epifaunal communities thrive in an estuary with hypoxic episodes. Estuaries, 23, 474-487.
• Sanamyan, K.; Monniot, C. (2013). Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843). In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turron, X. (2013) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turron, X. (2013) Ascidiacea World Database at http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103788 on 2013-03-02
• Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43: 419-453
• Thompson, G.B., (1980). Distribution and population dynamics of the limpet Patella vulgata in Bantry Bay. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 45, 173-217.
• Thompson, T. E. & Brown, G. H., (1976). British Opisthobranch Molluscs. London: Academic Press. [Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 8.]
• Tokioka, T. & Kado, Y., (1972). The occurrence of Molgula manhattensis (deKay) in brackish water near Hiroshima, Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 21, 21-29.
• Trott, T.J. 2004. Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 2): 261 - 324.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• VLIZ Alien Species Consortium
• Van Name, W. G. (1945). The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 84, 476 + plates. New York: Order of the Trustees.
• Weis, J.S. & Weis, P., (1992). Construction materials in estuaries: reduction in the epibiotic community on chromated copper arsenate. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 83, 45-53.