The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

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• Abele, D., Strahl J., Brey T., & Philipp E. E. R. (2008). Imperceptible senescence: Ageing in the ocean quahog Arctica islandica. Free Radical Research. 42, 474-480.
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• Backeljau, T. 1986. Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
• Bodnar, A. G. (2009). Marine invertebrates as models for aging research. Experimental Gerontology. 44, 477-484.
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• Brey, T., Arntz, W.E., Pauly, D. & Rumohr, H., (1990). Arctica (Cyprina) islandica in Kiel Bay (Western Baltic): growth, production and ecological significance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 136, 217-235.
• Cargnelli, L.M., Griesbach, S.J., Packer, D.B. & Weissberger, E., (1999a). Essential fish habitat source document: Ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NE-148, 12pp.
• Cooper, K. & Cristini, A., (1994). The effects of oil spills on bivalve molluscs and blue crabs. In Before and After an Oil Spill (ed. J. Burger), pp. 142 -159. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
• Craeymeersch, J.A., Piet, G.T., Rijnsdorp, A.D. & Buijs, J., (2000). Distribution of macrofauna in relation to the micro-distribution of trawling effort. In Effects of Fishing on Non-Target Species and Habitats, (ed. M.J. Kaiser & S.J de Groot), pp.187-197. Oxford: Blackwell Science .
• Dame, R.F.D., (1996). Ecology of Marine Bivalves: an Ecosystem Approach. New York: CRC Press Inc. [Marine Science Series.]
• Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R., (1995). Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 33, 245-303.
• Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
• Dyntaxa. 2013. Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
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• Gill, Theodore. 1873. Catalogue of the fishes of the east coast of North America. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office. Report of the Commissioner (United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries), 1871/1872; Plate XXVIII Fig.201
• Gofas, S. (2013). Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138802 on 2013-03-02
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50:
• Goode, George Brown. 1884. Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States: Section I, Natural History of Useful Aquatic Animals, Plates. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office; Plate 258
• Gosner, K. L. (1978). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
• Gosner, K.L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 693 p.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C., (1996). Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.
• Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), (1995b). Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
• Hiscock, K., (1983). Water movement. In Sublittoral ecology. The ecology of shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. R. Earll & D.G. Erwin), pp. 58-96. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Holmes, S.P., Witbaard, R. & van der Meer, J., (2003). Phenotypic and genotypic population differentiation in the bivalve mollusc Arctica islandica: results from RAPD analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 254, 163-176.
• Holtmann, S.E.; Groenewold, A.; Schrader, K.H.M.; Asjes, J.; Craeymeersch, J.A.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; van Bostelen, A.J.; van der Meer, J. (1996). Atlas of the zoobenthos of the Dutch continental shelf. Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management: Rijswijk, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-369-4301-9. 243 pp.
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
• Huber M. 2010. Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world’s marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901
• ITIS database
• JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee), (1999). Marine Environment Resource Mapping And Information Database (MERMAID): Marine Nature Conservation Review Survey Database. [on-line] http://www.jncc.gov.uk/mermaid,
• Jennings, S. & Kaiser, M.J., (1998). The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 34, 201-352.
• Karlson, K., Rosenberg, R. & Bonsdorff, E., (2002). Temporal and spatial large - scale effects of eutrophication and oxygen deficiency on benthic fauna in scandinavian and baltic waters - a review. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 40, 427-489.
• Klein, R. & Witbaard, R., (1993). The appearance of scars on the shell of Arctica islandica L. (Mollusca, Bivalvia) and their relation to bottom trawl fishery. NIOZ - Rapport, 12., Unpublished, Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee.
• Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
• Landers, W., (1976). Reproduction and early development of Arctica islandica in the laboratory. Nautilis, 90, 88-96.
• Lauckner, G., (1983). Diseases of Mollusca: Bivalvia. In Diseases of marine animals. Vol. II. Introduction, Bivalvia to Scaphopoda (ed. O. Kinne), pp. 477-961. Hamburg: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland.
• Linkletter, L.E. 1977. A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68 p.
• Loosanoff, V., (1953). Reproductive Cycle in Cyprina islandica. Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 104, 146 - 155.
• Lutz, R. A., Mann R., Goodsell J. G., & Castagna M. (1982). Larval and Early Post-Larval Development of Arctica islandica. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 62(4), 745-769.
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Mann, R. & Wolf C., (1983). Swimming behaviour of larvae of the Ocean Quahog Arctica islandica in response to pressure and temperature. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 13, 211 -218.
• Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. Field guide to North American seashore creatures. The Audubon Society. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 799 p.
• Merrill, A.S., Chamberlain, J.L. & Ropes, J.W., (1969). Ocean quahog fishery. In Encyclopedia of marine resources (ed. F.E. Firth), pp. 125-129. New York: VanNorstrand Reinhold Publ.
• Miller, Roberta. 2012. The museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec
• Morris, P. A. (1973). A Field Guide to Shells of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
• Muller, Y. 2004. Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• NBN (National Biodiversity Network), (2002). National Biodiversity Network gateway. http://www.searchnbn.net, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
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• Oeschger, R., (1990). Long-term anaerobiosis in sublittoral marine invertebrates from the western Baltic Sea: Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida), Astarte borealis and Arctica islandica (Bivalvia). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 59, 133-143.
• Picton, B.E. & Costello, M.J., (1998). BioMar biotope viewer: a guide to marine habitats, fauna and flora of Britain and Ireland. [CD-ROM] Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin., http://www.itsligo.ie/biomar/
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• Ropes, J.W. & Murawski, S., (1983). Maximum shell length and longevity in ocean quahogs, Arctica islandica Linne. In ICES Council Meeting 1983 (Collected Papers), 8pp.
• Ropes, J.W., (1985). Modern methods to age oceanic bivalves. Nautilus, 99, 53-57.
• Ropes, J.W., Merrill, A.S., Murawski, S.A., Chang, S. & MacKenzie, C.L., (1979). Impact on clams and scallops. Part I. Field survey assessments. In Oxygen depletion and asociated benthic mortalities in New York Bight, 1976 (ed. R.L. Swanson & C.J. Sindermann), pp. 263-275., U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Maryland, NOAA Professional Paper 11.
• Rosenberg, G. 1992. Encyclopedia of Seashells. Dorset: New York. 224 pp.
• Rosenberg, R. & Loo, L., (1988). Marine eutrophication induced oxygen deficiency: effects on soft bottom fauna, western Sweden. Ophelia, 29, 213-225.
• Rumohr, H. & Krost, P., (1991). Experimental evidence of damage to benthos by bottom trawling with special reference to Arctica islandica. Kieler Meeresforschung (Sonderheft), 33, 340-345.
• Schöne, B. R., Fiebig J., Pfeiffer M., Gleh R., Hickson J., Johnson A. L. A., et al. (2005). Climate records from a bivalved Methuselah (Arctica islandica, Mollusca; Iceland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 228, 130-148.
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• Swaileh, K. & Adelung, D., (1994). Levels of trace metals and effect of body size on metal content and concentration in Arctica islandica L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Kiel Bay, western Baltic. In Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28, 500-505.
• Taylor, A.C., (1976). Burrowing behaviour and anaerobisim in the bivalve Arctica islandica. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 95 - 109.
• Tebble, N., (1976). British Bivalve Seashells. A Handbook for Identification, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: British Museum (Natural History), Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
• Theede, H., (1973). Comparative studies on the influence of oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulphide on marine bottom invertebrates. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 7, 244-252.
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• Thomas, M.L.H. (ed.). 1983. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64. 306 p.
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