The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1974. Scaphopods and Bivalves. Pp. 179 in Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia; Volume 3: Mollusks and Echinoderms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
• Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
• Basu, S., S. Dastgheib-Hosseini, G. Hoover, Z. Li, S. Basu. 1994. Analysis of Glycosphinolipids by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis using Ceramide Glycanase from Mercenaria Mercenaria. Analytical Biochemistry, 222: 270-274.
• Brown, D., R. Van Beneden, G. Clark. May 10, 1995. Identification of Two Binding Proteins for Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Hard-Shell Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol 319: 217-224.
• Coan, Eugene V., Paul Valentich Scott, and Frank R. Bernard. 2000. Bivalve Seashells of Western North America: Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Number 2; Studies in Biodiversity, Number 2. viii + 764
• Cool, R. June 1998. Hard times for hard clams. The Bay Journal, Vol 8(4).
• December 2000. "Mercenaria mercenaria" (On-line). Accessed March 19, 2001 at http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Mercenariamercenaria.
• Devlin, C. 1993. An analysis of control of the ventricle of the mollusc Mercenaria mercenaria. The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 179(1): 47-61.
• Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 1994-2001. "clam" (On-line). Accessed May 1, 2001 at http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=24535&sctn=1.
• Eno, N.C., Clark, R.A. & Sanderson, W.G. (ed.), (1997). Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
• Fawcett, L., M. Tripp. 1994. Chemotaxis of Mercenaria mercenaria Hemocytes to Bacteria in Vitro. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 63: 275-284.
• Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
• Gibson, R., Hextall, B. & Rogers, A., (2001). Photographic guide to the sea and seashore life of Britain and north-west Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Gofas, S. (2011). Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141919 on 2012-05-22
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
• Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), (1995b). Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. ed., (1999). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. CD-ROM Edition. Ulster Museum and The Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye., Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication no. 280.]
• International Seafood Distributors, "The Hard Clam" (On-line). Accessed May 1, 2001 at http://www.internationalseafood.com/products/hard_clam.html.
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• Mitchell, R. "Mercenaria mercenaria" (On-line). Accessed March 19, 2001 at http://www.jncc.gov.uk/marine/dns/d2_2_6_7.htm.
• Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
• NBN (National Biodiversity Network), (2002). National Biodiversity Network gateway. http://www.searchnbn.net, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
• Newell, G. 1964. Physiological Aspects of the Ecology of Intertidal Molluscs. Pp. 59-81 in K Wilbur, C Yonge, eds. Physiology of Mollusca: Volume I. New York: Academic Press Inc..
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Owen, G. 1966. Feeding. Pp. 1-52 in K Wilbur, C Yonge, eds. Physiology of Mollusca: Volume II. New York: Academic Press Inc..
• Plourde, K. "The Quahog" (On-line). Accessed April 19, 2001 at http://oz.plymouth.edu/~k_plourd/mercenaria.htm.
• Savini, D.; Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A. (2006). Consumption rates and prey preference of the invasive gastropod Rapana venosa in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60(2): 153-159.
• Seaward, D.R., (1982). Sea area atlas of the marine molluscs of Britain and Ireland. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.
• Shimamoto, M. (1996). Phylogenetic Implication of Shell Microstructures and Amino Acid Compositions in the Veneridae (Bivalvia, Mollusca). Bulletin de l'Institut Oc{\'e}anographique (Monaco). 4, 263-270.
• Stanley, J.G. & Dewitt, R., (1983). Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North Atlantic)-hard clam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. FWS/OBS-82/11.18. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 19pp.
• Stewart, V. March 21, 1996. "Sea-Stats No. 7 - Clams" (On-line). Accessed May 1, 2001 at http://www.epa.gov/gumpo/seast07.html.
• Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43: 419-453
• Tebble, N., (1966). British Bivalve Seashells. A Handbook for Identification, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: British Museum (Natural History), Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
• Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. Pratt, et al. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. vii + 277
• Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526
• VLIZ Alien Species Consortium
• deMenocal, P. December 3, 2000. "The Paleotemperature Archive: Mercenaria mercenaria -- the common quahog" (On-line). Accessed March 19, 2001 at http://doherty.ldgo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Mercenaria.html.