Table of Contents
Overview
Brief Summary
Introduction
O. ingens reaches a length of at least 500 mm ML (Kubodera, et al., 1998) and is found in circumpolar but sub-Antarctic waters.
Diagnosis
An Onykia ...
- with rhomboidal fins (ie fins not drawn-out posteriorly).
- with warts on the skin.
- with rostrum of gladius having a triangular cross-section.
Trusted
Comprehensive Description
Characteristics
- Tentacles
- Club with usually 14 pairs of hooks (range - 13-16 hooks, dorsal series, 13-15, ventral series).
Figure. Oral view of tentacular club of O. ingens. Drawing from Pfeffer, 1912.
- Club with usually 14 pairs of hooks (range - 13-16 hooks, dorsal series, 13-15, ventral series).
- Mantle
- Ventral mantle with soft, irregular warts.
Figure. A piece of ventral mantle skin of O. ingens. Drawing from Pfeffer, 1912.
- Ventral mantle with soft, irregular warts.
- Fins
- Rhomboidal shape, not drawn out into a tail.
- Length 50-60% of ML.
- Width 60-70% of ML.
- Gladius
- Maximum width of vanes ca. 11% of gladius length (to tip of conus).
- Rostrum 11-12% of the ML, triangular in cross-section.
Figure. Ventral view of gladius of O. ingens with cross-sections. Drawing from Pfeffer, 1912.
comments
This description is taken from Pfeffer (1912).Trusted
Distribution
Trusted
Ecology
Habitat
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6133 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 90 - 1700.5
Temperature range (°C): 1.402 - 10.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 10.265 - 36.959
Salinity (PPS): 33.928 - 34.876
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.740 - 7.278
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.672 - 2.500
Silicate (umol/l): 0.000 - 96.105
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 90 - 1700.5
Temperature range (°C): 1.402 - 10.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 10.265 - 36.959
Salinity (PPS): 33.928 - 34.876
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.740 - 7.278
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.672 - 2.500
Silicate (umol/l): 0.000 - 96.105
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Trusted
Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Life History
The tentacular club of a young O. ingens, 77mm ML has a few marginal suckers still remaining on the proximal dorsal margin and on the distal ventral margin.
Figure. Oral view of tentacular club of O. ingens, 77 mm ML. Drawing from Tsuchiya and Okutani, 1981, p. 145, Fig. 35.
Dubinina (1980) described a juvenile squid from the Southwest Atlantic as Onykia robsoni (drawing to the right) but according to C. Nigmatullin (personal communication) it probably is a young O. ingens. The scale bar is 1 mm.
Figure. Ventral and dorsal views, probably, of O. ingens, 13 mm ML. Drawing from Dubinina (1980).
Trusted
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Moroteuthis ingens
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
Trusted
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Moroteuthis ingens
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
Trusted
Wikipedia
Onykia ingens
Onykia ingens, the greater hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantartic oceans.
Although O. ingens was long attributed to the genus Moroteuthis, several authors have recently agreed that Moroteuthis is a junior synonym of Onykia.[1]
Contents |
Size and growth
The size of a fully grown O. ingens, inclusive of tentacles, is currently unknown. Many estimates, however, predict that the mantle may reach lengths of up to 94 cm (37 in). Research has found that egg sizes of the squid average 2.1 mm inside mature females, while juveniles average 4.6 mm or larger. Juveniles are presumed to live near the surface, until they reach a mantle length of approximately 200 mm, at which time they relocate to deeper water, and larger prey. O. ingens exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females growing linearly twice as fast as males, and reaching a fully mature size of more than five times that of male counterparts.[2]
Penis elongation has been observed in this species; when erect, the penis may be as long as the mantle, head and arms combined.[3][4] As such, deep water squid like M. ingens have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals, second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile barnacles.[3]
Right: A specimen of the same species exhibiting elongation of the penis to 67 cm in length
Ecology
It is generally accepted that there are large dietary variations between large and small O. ingens. One of the most common findings is that juvenile squid (>200 mm ML) consume a greater percentage of crustaceans and cephalopods compared to their size than mature squid, which consume a large percentage of fish and virtually no crustaceans.[5] Globally, however, myctophid fish (lantern fish) are seen as common prey.[6] Larger squid are known to practice cannibalism (accounting for up to 6% of diet).[7]
O. ingens, as with many (if not all) large squid, has a number of predators. These include the patagonian toothfish, king penguin, wandering albatross, pilot whale, bottlenose whale, dwarf sperm whale, sperm whale, and other types of squid.[8]
Tentacular club of Onykia ingens
Piece of ventral mantle skin
Gladius with cross-sections
References
- ^ Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa 2696: 1–186. Preview
- ^ Bolstad, K. 2003. Spotlight on: Moroteuthis ingens. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
- ^ a b Arkhipkin, A.I. & V.V. Laptikhovsky 2010. Observation of penis elongation in Onykia ingens: implications for spermatophore transfer in deep-water squid. Journal Molluscan Studies, published online on June 30, 2010. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq019
- ^ Walker, M. 2010. Super squid sex organ discovered. BBC Earth News, July 7, 2010.
- ^ Phillips, K., P. Nichols & G. Jackson 2003. Size-related dietary changes observed in the squid Moroteuthis ingens at the Falkland Islands: stomach contents and fatty-acid analyses. Polar Biology 26(7): 474-485.
- ^ Phillips, K., P. Nichols & G. Jackson 2003. Dietary variation of the squid Moroteuthis ingens at four sites in the Southern Ocean: stomach contents, lipid and fatty acid profiles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 83: 523-534.
- ^ Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2003. Diet of the squid Moroteuthis ingens (Teuthoidea: Onychoteuthidae) in the upper slope waters of the Kerguelen Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 250: 197–203.
- ^ CephBase: Predators of Moroteuthis ingens.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
Disclaimer
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!
