Overview
Distribution
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Trusted
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Global Range: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Hawaii.
Kauai - Rare or absent on the eastern side of the island. On the western side of the island it is occasional in some mesic forests.
Waianae Mts. of Oahu - Occasional in limited areas. Rare or absent in most areas.
Koolau Mts. of Oahu - I have seen it only in three locations, with a total of about five plants. I have not heard of any others.
Molokai - A few (3?) trees have been found within the last two or three decades, all in a single area.
Hawaii - Fewer than 20-30 trees of var. tomentosum left in the Puuwaawaa area. Few (about 5?) individuals of var. dipetalum in a single occurrence in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Ecology
Habitat
Comments: Dry to mesic to moist forest, sometimes along margins of wet forest. Z. d. var. dipetalum occurs in forests on steep ridges or slopes, while Z. d. var. tomentosum occurs in degraded 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha)-dominated montane mesic forest, often on aa lava flows, with mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), lama (Diospyros sp.), 'ala'a (Pouteria sandwicensis), 'iliahi (Santalum sp.), kolea (Myrsine sp.), and kopiko (Psychotria sp.). 260-1280 m.
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Conservation
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N2 - Imperiled
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G2 - Imperiled
Reasons: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Hawaii.
Kauai - Rare or absent on the eastern side of the island. On the western side of the island it is occasional in some mesic forests.
Waianae Mts. of Oahu - Occasional in limited areas. Rare or absent in most areas.
Koolau Mts. of Oahu - I have seen it only in three locations, with a total of about five plants. I have not heard of any others.
Molokai - A few (3?) trees have been found within the last two or three decades, all in a single area.
Hawaii - Fewer than 20-30 trees of var. tomentosum left in the Puuwaawaa area. Few (about 5?) individuals of var. dipetalum in a single occurrence in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
© NatureServe
Source:
NatureServe
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Wikipedia
Zanthoxylum dipetalum
Zanthoxylum dipetalum is a rare species of tree in the citrus family known by the common name kawa'u. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it grows in forests on 3 or 4 of the islands.[1]
- Z. d. var. dipetalum is present on Kauai, in the mountains of Oahu, on Hawaii in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and possibly on Molokai.
- Z. d. var. tomentosum is known from fewer than 30 individuals on Hualālai volcano on Hawaii.[1][2][3] This variety is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
The roots of Z. dipetalum have been found to contain several chemical compounds, including canthin-6-one, chelerythrine, nitidine, tembetarine, avicennol, xanthoxyletin, lupeol, hesperidin, sitosterol, and magnoflorine.[4]
References
- ^ a b c Zanthoxylum dipetalum. The Nature Conservancy.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum. 2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 August 2011.
- ^ Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Center for Plant Conservation.
- ^ Fish, F., et al. (1975). Alkaloids, coumarins, triterpenes and a flavanone from the root of Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Phytochemistry 14(9) 2073.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
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