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Spergularia salina — Details

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Overview

Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the western Mediterranean: Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and southern France. In Algeria the species is probably extinct since the only known sites are now within the suburbs of Algers and the habitat has been destroyed.
In France, the species is found in Languedoc (Hérault).

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Distribution

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Belgium, Gulf of Mexico

Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
Provoost, S.; Bonte, D. (Ed.) (2004). Animated dunes: a view of biodiversity at the Flemish coast [Levende duinen: een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de Vlaamse kust]. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, 22. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel, Belgium. ISBN 90-403-0205-7. 416, ill., appendices pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=133005

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Tissa marina (L.) Britton:
Bolivia (South America)
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Rusby, H. H. 1893. On the collections of Mr. Miguel Bang in Bolivia. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3(3): 1–67. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1000605
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Spergularia marina var. tenuis (Greene) R. Rossbach:
United States (North America)

Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717

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Spergularia marina var. simonii O. Deg. & I. Deg.:
United States (North America)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103

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Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb.:
Afghanistan (Asia)
Brazil (South America)
Canada (North America)
Chile (South America)
Japan (Asia)
Kazakhstan (Asia)
Mongolia (Asia)
Pakistan (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
United States (North America)
China (Asia)

Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100002289
Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1700
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1704
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1592
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1719
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Dicot. 933 pp. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1711
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2001. Fl. China 6: 1–512. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018509

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Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl:
Peru (South America)

Gutte, G., K. Müller & C. Müller. 1986. Neufunde für die peruanishe Flora und Wiederfunde seltener Arten: Ranunculaceae bis Primulaceae. Willdenowia 16(1): 187–210. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/10972

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National Distribution

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Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Global Range: (Usually described under the synonym Spergularia marina) Quebec to British Columbia, south along coast to Florida and locally inland to central New York, Illinois, Texas, and New Mexico. West coast from Washington to southern California. Also in Eurasia, Baja California, and South America. Records of this species from coastal regions of North America are native, while inland occurrences are adventive due to the use of de-icing salt, except at natural saltsprings where it may be native (Argus and White 1982).

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Physical Description

Morphology

Comments

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While Spergularia salina may be native in coastal areas and some inland saline sites in much of the cited range, populations in the Great Lakes region are introduced where, as in S. media, highway and sidewalk salt runoff has created favorable habitats.

Variety tenuis has been distinguished from var. salina by some authors as follows: cyme crowded versus lax, sepals 1.6-3.8 mm versus 2.4-5 mm, mature capsules 3-4.4 mm versus 3.6-6.4 mm, respectively. Due to the extreme overlap in morphologic features as well as geographic ranges, var. tenuis is not recognized here.

The name Spergularia marina var. leiosperma (Kindberg) Gurke has been applied to plants with smooth seeds but, as pointed out by R. P. Rossbach (1940), separation of plants with smooth versus papillose seeds is not practical.

Some authors believe that the correct name for this species is Spergularia marina.

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Comments

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The nomenclatural history involving the first use of the epithet marina at the species rank is complex, and some authors feel that Spergularia salina is the correct name for this taxon.

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Description

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Plants annual, delicate, 8-25(-30) cm, stipitate-glandular, at least in inflorescence. Taproots ± slender. Stems erect to ascending or prostrate, usually much-branched proximally; main stem 0.6-2(-3) mm diam. proximally. Leaves: stipules inconspicuous, dull white, broadly triangular, 1.2-3.5 mm, longer than wide, apex acute to short-acuminate; blade linear, (0.8-)1.5-4 cm, fleshy, apex blunt to apiculate; axillary leaf clusters usually absent. Cymes simple to 3+-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. Pedicels reflexed and oriented to 1 side in fruit. Flowers: sepals connate 0.5-1 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, ovate to elliptic, 2.5-4.5 mm, to 4.8 mm in fruit, margins 0.1-0.5 mm wide, apex acute to rounded; petals white or pink to rosy, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 0.8-1 times as long as sepals; stamens (1-)2-3(-5); styles 0.4-0.7 mm. Capsules greenish to tan, 2.8-6.4 mm, 1-1.5 times as long as sepals. Seeds light brown to reddish brown, with submarginal groove, broadly ovate, ± plump, 0.5-0.7(-0.8) mm, dull, ± smooth, often with gland-tipped papillae (30×); wing usually absent or incomplete. 2n = 18? (Asia), 36 (Europe).

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Description

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Herbs annual or biennial, rarely perennial, with slender or slightly fleshy stock. Stems 10--30 cm tall, densely pubescent. Leaves not or rarely fasciculate, 5--30 × 1--1.5 mm, fleshy, apex mucronate; stipules not silvery, broadly triangular, forming a sheath. Flowers terminal or axillary; bracts reduced. Sepals ovate, ca. 3.5 × 1.5--1.8 mm, abaxially glandular pubescent, margin membranous. Petals pink above, white near base, rarely entirely white, ovate-oblong or elliptic-ovate, shorter than sepals, apex obtuse. Stamens 2--5. Capsule 5--6 mm, ovoid, usually exceeding calyx. Seeds light brown, 0.5--0.7 mm, smooth or densely tuberculate, mostly unwinged, sometimes with erose wing. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. May--Sep. 2n = 36.

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Diagnostic Description

Synonym

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Spergularia marina (Linnaeus) Grisebach; S. marina var. tenuis (Greene) R. Rossbach; S. salina var. tenuis (Greene) Jepson; S. tenuis Greene; Tissa marina (Linnaeus) Britton

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Synonym

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Arenaria rubra Linnaeus var. marina Linnaeus; Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl.

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

This species is found in formations of halonitrophilous annuals colonizing salty muds. It occurs in lagoons and river deltas.

Systems

Terrestrial
Freshwater

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Depth range based on 4 specimens in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Comments: Along coasts and occasionally inland in more or less alkaline areas

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Habitat & Distribution

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Flowering summer-early fall. Mud flats, alkaline fields, sandy river bottoms, sandy coasts, salt marshes, saline highway edges (Great Lakes region); 0-1400 m; introduced and native; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tex., Utah, Va., Wash., Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia; almost cosmopolitan via introduction.

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Habitat & Distribution

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Saline soils, salt meadows, riversides, lakesides, farmlands; 200--2800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia; N Africa, Europe, North America].

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Associations

Associations

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Foodplant / parasite
sorus of Albugo lepigoni parasitises live above ground parts of Spergularia marina

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / feeds on
Gronops lunatus feeds on Spergularia marina
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Peronospora obovata parasitises live Spergularia marina

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Uromyces sparsus parasitises live Spergularia marina

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Spergularia marina

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Species: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Reviewer/s

Hugot, L., Bagella, S., Muller, S.D. & Temple, H. (IUCN Species Programme)

Contributor/s

Justification

Although Spergularia tangerina has a fairly restricted distribution, there are many known sites, populations appear to be stable, and it is not believed to approach the criteria for listing in a threatened category. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

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Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Trends

Population

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Population

This species is found in only two populations in Mediterranean France at Vic-la-Gardiole and Perols (Hérault). In Spain, it is present at four sites in the southern provinces Alicante, Huelva, Jaén and Sevilla (Anthos 2009).
In Morocco, it is relatively common and it occurs along the coast from the eastern border to the Rabat/Casablanca region. In Algeria, it may be extinct.

Population Trend

Stable

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

The species and its habitat are threatened by urbanization and filling in.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no conservation measures in place, but the following actions are recommended:
- Legal protection of the species
- Surveillance of the existing sites and search for new sites
- Control of urbanization
- Follow-up of the dynamics and the structure of the populations
- Raising public awareness

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Names and Taxonomy

Taxonomy

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Comments: As treated by Kartesz (1994 checklist and 6/99 review draft dataset), includes Spergularia marina.

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