The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Abrams, L. 1923. Ferns to Birthworts. 1: 1–557. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
• Böcher, T. W. 1978. Greenlands Flora 326 pp.
• Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
• Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren & J. L. Reveal. 1972. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 1: 1–271. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
• Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1993. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. 2: i–xvi, 1–475. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Hultén, E. 1968. Fl. Alaska i–xxi, 1–1008. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the United States and Canada. 389 pp.
• Moss, E. H. 1983. Fl. Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Porsild, A. E. & W. Cody. 1980. Vasc. Pl. Continental Northw. Terr. Canada i–viii, 1–607. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.
• SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978 [1979]. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. 2: 93–545. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
• Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and Their Allies. 247 pp.
• Type collection: Engelmann, G. 1882. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 380.
• Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.