The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1996. database, The PLANTS Database
• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 2000. database, The PLANTS Database
• Abrams, L. 1951. Geraniums to Figworts. 3: 866 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• Allorge-Boiteau, L. 2002. Les cactées introduites à Madagascar. Succulentes (France) 25(1): 9–16.
• Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
• C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Cactus. Topic ed. Arthur Dawson. Ed.-in-chief Cutler J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
• CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. 4: i–xxiv, 1–559. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Isoneotype: Weber, F. A. 1897. Dict. Hort. 896.; Benson, L. D. 1982. Cacti U.S. Canada. 920.
• Marticorena C & R Rodríguez . 1995-2005. Flora de Chile. Vols 1, 2(1-3). Ed. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción. 351 pp., 99 pp., 93 pp., 128 pp. Matthei O. 1995. Manual de las malezas que crecen en Chile. Alfabeta Impresores. 545 p.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Regional: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Apr 2011). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.