Distribution

More info for the terms: cover, shrub

Diffuse knapweed is native to grasslands and shrub steppes of the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia [66] and was introduced into Central Europe and North America [71]. It is thought to have been introduced to North America as a contaminant in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seed from Asia Minor-Turkmenistan or in hybrid alfalfa seed from Germany [58]. The earliest record of diffuse knapweed in North America is from an alfalfa field in Washington state in 1907 [86]. It is currently found from Yukon in the north, throughout most of western Canada, east to Ontario. In the United States, the primary range of diffuse knapweed is the western states, from Washington, Idaho, and Montana south to New Mexico and Arizona [42]. Maddox [59] notes that diffuse knapweed is more common on the western side of the Great Basin, and spotted knapweed is more common on the eastern side. Diffuse knapweed has also spread east into several midwestern states and is found in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey on the east coast [42]. The Plants database provides a state distribution map of diffuse knapweed in the United States.

The following table reflects estimates of diffuse knapweed acreage as reported by surveyed states or provinces in 1988 and again in 2000 (from [20]):

State/Province	1988 Acreage	2000 Acreage
Arizona	not reported	1,800
California	not reported	5
Colorado	30,000	83,000
Idaho	1,450,000	1,800,000
Montana	10,349	27,523
Nevada	not reported	500
New Mexico	not reported	200
North Dakota	0	30
Oregon	1,200,000	989,000
South Dakota	1,000	200
Utah	25	1,300
Washington	427,800	500,000
Wyoming	5,000	4,000
Alberta	0	scattered
British Columbia	not reported	75,000
Total		3,482,558

Although inventories are more common and more accurate in the year 2000 than in 1988, 50% of these states reported only 50% accuracy, while 31% reported 51 to 75% accuracy, and 2 states reported 75 to 100% accuracy [20].

The following lists reflect ecosystems and cover types in which diffuse knapweed is known or thought to be invasive. Diffuse knapweed occurs in some midwestern and eastern states and provinces, primarily along roadsides and in "waste places", but it is unclear, from the available literature on these areas, which ecosystems and cover types it occurs in. These lists are not, therefore, exhaustive, as the plant may be invasive in other types not listed.