Overview
Comprehensive Description
Characteristics
- Head
- Beaks: Descriptions can be found here: Lower beak; upper beak.
- Beaks: Descriptions can be found here: Lower beak; upper beak.
- Photophores
- Head photophores Type 2a (e.g,. 2 photophores in Midline Series, 3 in Basal Arm IV Row).
- Suckers
- Sucker rings on arms IV with many low, square teeth on entire margin or only on distal margin.
- Rings on enlarged median suckers of manus with 33-38 triangular or narrow pointed teeth.
Comments
More details of the description can be found here.Species of the corona-group are distinguished by the following characteristics:
- Photophores
- Type 2 head-photophore pattern (e.g., 2 Midline Series photophores, 3 or 4 Basal Arm IV Row photophores and no rogue photophore) .
- Basal Row with 7 photophores.
- Right Basal Series present.
- Arms IV without separate series of compound photophores at arm tip.
- Compound photophores on anterior half of ventral mantle uniform in size.
- Arms
- Suckers with smooth rings on arms I-III except at distal ends and occasionally on basal suckers.
- Suckers of arms IV with dentition.
- Tubercles
- Absent
The following table compares differences among members of the corona-group. H. cerasina and H. corona are very similar but occupy different oceans.
| Character | Photophores Arms IV No. of series | Suckers Dentition Manus, large |
|---|---|---|
| H. corona | 3 | 33-38 |
| H. berryi | 4 | 28-34 |
| H. cerasina | 3 | 40-60 |
Except for the analysis of head photophores, this description is from Voss (1969) and Voss, et al. (1998).
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Distribution
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213
http://www.marinespecies.org/mollusca/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1364
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1318
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Ecology
Habitat
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UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1318
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 41 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 2204
Temperature range (°C): 2.894 - 21.403
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.189 - 39.114
Salinity (PPS): 33.924 - 36.622
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.868 - 6.230
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.034 - 2.761
Silicate (umol/l): 0.829 - 104.871
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 2204
Temperature range (°C): 2.894 - 21.403
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.189 - 39.114
Salinity (PPS): 33.924 - 36.622
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.868 - 6.230
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.034 - 2.761
Silicate (umol/l): 0.829 - 104.871
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Life History
Males are known to be mature at 110-188 mm ML; female size at maturity is unknown, largest female is 168 mm ML. Large, maturity-related, simple photophores absent (Voss, et al., 1998).
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