Thysanoessa raschii — Details

The most widespread Arctic krill

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Transparent, yellowish if rich in lipids, females might develop blue hue when spawning; Eyes round, rostrum pointed, photophores red; Anntennae lack lappet, carapace with 1 small denticle; abdomen without keel-spines

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Distribution

distribution

depth in m: 0-200; horizontal distribution: amphiboreal species, N Atlantic, N Pacific

Kylin, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. C.W.K. Gleerup: Lund, Sweden. xv, 673 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=24
Brinton E (1962). The distribution of Pacific euphausiids. Bull. Scipps Inst. Oceanography, 8 (1): 51-269 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=22998
Mauchline, J. and Fisher, L.R. (1969) The Biology of Euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=10060

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Distribution

Arctic to Gulf of Maine

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Distribution

Arctic Ocean, European waters (ERMS scope), FAO fishing area 18, FAO fishing area 67, Gulf of Maine, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Mediterranean Sea, North East Pacific, North West Atlantic, Saguenay Fjord, St. Lawrence Estuary, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
van der Land, J. (2001). Euphausiacea, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 284 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1397
Johnson CL, Runge JA, Curtis KA, Durbin EG, Hare JA, Incze LS, Link J, Melvin GD, O'Brien TD, Van Guelpen, L (in revision) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton. PLoS One. http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/masdea/masdea.php?p=sourcedetails&id=148111
MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
Institute of Ocean Science Zooplankton Database http://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=150286
Bossé, L., B. Sainte-Marie et J. Fournier (1996). Les invertébrés des fonds meubles et la biogéographie du fjord du Saguenay. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2 132: vii + 45 p. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=153966
Préfontaine, G. & P. Brunel. 1962. Liste d'invertébrés marins recueillis dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent de 1929 à 1934. Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec 89(8-9):237-263, fig. 1. http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=109070
North/South Consultants 2006. Potential dispersal of aquatic invasive species into Hudson Bay from ballast water from ships travelling from ports in Europe and North America. A report prepared for Fisheries and Ocean Canada File No. F2408-050083 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=155160

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Distribution

Amphiboreal species; found in the Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Chukchi Sea.

Source: iArcZoo

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Physical Description

Morphology

The lateral edges of the carapace carry a small spine on each side. The last segment of the abdomen does not carry a spine.

Source: iArcZoo

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Size

Length up to 30 mm.

Source: iArcZoo

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Diagnostic Description

Differs from other Thysanoessa species by the presence of 2 spines on the sides of the carapace

Source: iArcZoo

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Ecology

Habitat

upper and glacial of the Gulf and estuary

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 898 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 702 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 500
  Temperature range (°C): -1.497 - 9.346
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.367 - 37.013
  Salinity (PPS): 25.730 - 34.928
  Oxygen (ml/l): 2.991 - 9.319
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.048 - 2.910
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.330 - 90.291

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 500

Temperature range (°C): -1.497 - 9.346

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.367 - 37.013

Salinity (PPS): 25.730 - 34.928

Oxygen (ml/l): 2.991 - 9.319

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.048 - 2.910

Silicate (umol/l): 2.330 - 90.291

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Panarctic and subarctic in coastal waters (above 200m); Can be abundant in coastal embayments; Most common in Arctic waters near Pacific or Atlantic inflows, uncommon in central basins; Undergo diel vertical migrations, spending daytime near bottom, night-time in surface waters

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Trophic Strategy

Primarily herbivourous, may feed on detritous when food is scarse - known to feed directly on under-ice algae; During open-water periods feed on phytoplankton when abundant (shifting to small zooplankton when phyoplankton less abundant); An important prey item for fish, birds, seals and whales

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

Females lay several clutches of eggs during summer; Females require repeated mating after each molt to form new egg clutches; Life cycles is typcial: eggs, nauplius, metanauplius, followed by several stages of feeding calytopsis, and furcillia larvae; Juveniles resemble adults, and molt regularly while growing to adulthood over the first year of life; Life expectancy not known, likely 2-3 years

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Thysanoessa raschii

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

WW108-07|TR01GS0105|Thysanoessa raschii| ---------------------------------------ACACTATATTTTATCTTTGGTGCATGAGCTGGGATAGTAGGTACTTCACTA---AGATTAATTATTCGAGCTGAATTGGGTCAACCAGGAAGGCTTATTGGGGAT---GACCAAATTTATAATGTTGTAGTCACAGCTCACGCTTTTGTTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATGCCTATTATAATTGGTGGATTTGGTAATTGACTAGTTCCTCTTATA---CTAGGAGCACCAGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGTATAAATAATATAAGGTTTTGATTATTACCTCCCTCTTTAACTCTTTTACTAGGTAGTGGGCTTGTAGAAAGAGGTGTTGGTACAGGATGAACAGTGTATCCACCCTTATCGGCTGGTATTGCACATGCAGGAGCATCAGTTGACATAGGG---ATTTTTTCTTTACATATTGCAGGTGCTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCAGTAAACTTTATTACTACCGTAATTAACATACGATCTGCAGGAATAACAATAGACCGTATTCCATTATTTGTATGATCTGTATTTATTACAGCTATTTTACTTTTATTATCTTTACCAGTTTTAGCAGGA---GCTATTACTATACTTTTAACAGATCGTAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGGGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Thysanoessa raschii

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Species: 28
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Wikipedia

Thysanoessa raschii

Thysanoessa raschii, sometimes known as Arctic krill, is one of the most common euphausiid species of the subarctic and Arctic seas. They may reach 20–25 millimetres (0.8–1.0 in) long, and are sexually mature above 14 mm (0.6 in).^[1]

T. raschii is a major prey item of several taxa, planktivorous fishes and marine mammals. It is also a common prey item of seabirds, including shearwaters.^[2]

This species goes through a number of stages in its development. Roderick Macdonald defined the characteristics of fourteen stages, or 'furcilia'.^[3]

References

^ M. J. de Kluijver & S. S. Ingalsuo. "Thysanoessa raschii". Macrobenthos of the North Sea. Universiteit van Amsterdam. http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten&selected=beschrijving&id=13. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
^ J. R. Lovvorn, C. L. Baduini, & G. L. Hunt (2001). "Modelling underwater visual and filter feeding by planktivorous shearwaters in unusual sea conditions". Ecology 82 (8): 2342–2356. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2342:MUVAFF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0012-9658.
^ R. Macdonald (1928). "The life history of Thysanoessa raschii". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15 (1): 57–80. doi:10.1017/S0025315400055533. http://sabella.mba.ac.uk/571/.

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