The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

  • Grzimek, Dr. H.C. Bernard. 1974. Grzinek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Van Nostrand Reinhold co., NY.
  • Klemm, Donald J. 1972. Freshwater Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America. Water Pollution Control Research Series, Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems, Identification Manual, 8. 1-53
  • Merila, J. and M. Sterner. 2002. Medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) attacking and killing adault amphibians. Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 343-346
  • Sawyer, Roy T. 1986. Leech Biology and Behaviour, vol. 2. 419-793
  • Sawyer, Roy T. 1986. Leech Biology and Behaviour. Vol 1-2. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Siddall, M.E., P. Trontelj, S.Y. Utevsky, M. Nakamany, and K.S. MacDonald III. 2007. Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis. Proc. R. Soc. B 274: 1481-1487
  • Sollner, C., R. Mentele, C. Eckerskorn, H. Fritz, and C.P. Sommerhoff. 1994. Isolation and characterization of hirustasin, an antistasin-type serine-proteinase inhibitor from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Eur. J. Biochem. 219: 937-943

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