Overview
Brief Summary
Introduction
Rhinoderma is known from the cool, temperate forests of southern Chile and Argentina. The frogs are small, about 30 mm long. In Rhinoderma darwinii, the males carry the tadpoles in their vocal sacs, and development is completed as froglets. Rhinoderma has been placed in its own family Rhinodermatidae primarily because of its unusual mode of development. Were it not for this, Rhinoderma would be considered simply a genus within Hyloidea, but without obvious relationships to other taxa. No fossils are known.
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Comprehensive Description
Taxonomy
Ford and Cannatella (1993) defined the name Rhinoderma for the node that is the last common ancestor of Rhinoderma rufum and R. darwinii. The family-group name Rhinodermatidae is redundant with Rhinoderma. This genus is diagnosed by rearing of the larvae in the vocal sac of the male, and recognition of the taxon as a family is based on this apomorphy. The known derived characters of Rhinoderma (Lynch, 1971) do not clarify its relationships.
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Distribution
Geographic Distribution
The distribution of living members of the family Rhinodermatidae is indicated in red.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Barcode
Statistics of barcoding coverage
| Specimen Records: | 1 |
| Specimens with Sequences: | 1 |
| Specimens with Barcodes: | 1 |
| Public Records: | 1 |
| Species: | 1 |
| Species With Barcodes: | 1 |
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Barcode data
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Wikipedia
Rhinodermatidae
- Common name: Darwin's frogs
Rhinodermatidae are a family of small frogs found on the south-west coast of South America[1]. There is only one genus (Rhinoderma), with just two species, of which the Chile Darwin's Frog (R. rufum) is highly endangered or may already be extinct. The better known Darwin's Frog (R. darwinii) is vulnerable.
Both species are notable for their unusual breeding, with the tadpoles being raised inside the mouth of the male[1]. The eggs are laid on the ground. The male frog will transport the tadpoles into its enlarged vocal sac. In the Chile Darwin's Frog, the tadpoles are transported to a water source and released for the duration of their development. In Darwin's Frog, they will reside in the vocal sac until metamorphosis. They may carry between 5 and 15 offspring. Darwin's frogs are separated into a separate family based purely upon this behavioural adaptation, which is unique among frogs.
Darwin's frogs are small, reaching a size of only 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in length[1]. They are predominantly green frogs, with patches of brown, and have a long, narrow nose. They are primarily terrestrial.
References
- ^ a b c Zweifel, Robert G. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G.. ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel, and D. Kirschner (2004). Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
- "ADW: Rhinodermatidae: Information". http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinodermatidae.html. Retrieved 2006-05-08.
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