Overview
Brief Summary
Introduction
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Comprehensive Description
Characteristics
- Shell
Kubodera and Okutani (1986) descrive the shell as follows: "The [shell] is broadly U-shaped. both rami, particularly at postero-lateral portion, are widened The posteriormost connective of both rami seems to be weaker than the remaining area." The original drawing is seen below and a recent photograph of the same shell is seen on the right.
Figure. The shell of C. antarctica, paratype. Left - Drawing from Kubodera and Okutani, 1986. Right - Photograph by T. Kubodera.
- Pigmentation
The title photographs suggests that the oral surface of C. antarctica has the same odd pigmentation as C. glacialis.
- Measurements and counts
Measurements and counts to the left of the semicolon are from Kubodera and Okutani (1986) and those to the right of the semicolon are from O'Shea (1999).Characters: Measurements in mm Holotype Paratype Sex ? Female Mantle length 91; 94 180 Mantle width 95; 69 135 Head width 45 100 Fin length 80; 67 70 Fin width 40; 30 33 Lengths and counts Left/Right Left/Right Arms I 200/200; 232/245 310/300 Arms II 220/220; 253/255 310/280 Arms III 225/220; 235/231 320/350 Arms IV 220/215; 236/230 300/260 Web sector A 110 140 Web sector B 105/95 160/160 Web sector C 110/100 150/160 Web sector D 110/105 160/155 Web sector E 55 110 Arm I sucker counts (right; left/right) 72; 55/65 76 Arm II sucker counts 73; 64/64 73 Arm III sucker counts 69; 58/65 78 Arm IV sucker counts 73; 55/63 55+
Comments
Kubodera and Okutani stated that this species differed from C. mawsoni by having subequal arms (this character would also separates it from all other members of the genus which have distinctly shorter ventral arms). The two octopods in the type series of C. antarctica were not in good condition and arm measurements can be very inaccurate. Arm size, however, remains a possible distinguishing character. The authors state that this species differs from C. glacialis by the shell which is very broad in posterolateral regions and the "well chitinized" beak. There appears to be no real difference in beak chitinization. The shell, however, does pose a problem. A photograph (see above) of the same gladius no longer, at least, appears to be distinctive as originally described but does seem to differ in some respects to the shell of C. glacialis (see above). Unfortunately the degree of variation of the shell in both species is unknown. O'Shea (1999) considered this species to be a probable synonym of C. glacialis. We suspect that he is correct.
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Distribution
Distribution
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Ecology
Habitat
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1155 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 50000
Temperature range (°C): -0.359 - 29.325
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.006 - 44.880
Salinity (PPS): 31.235 - 38.698
Oxygen (ml/l): 0.303 - 7.464
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 3.294
Silicate (umol/l): 0.693 - 178.507
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 50000
Temperature range (°C): -0.359 - 29.325
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.006 - 44.880
Salinity (PPS): 31.235 - 38.698
Oxygen (ml/l): 0.303 - 7.464
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 3.294
Silicate (umol/l): 0.693 - 178.507
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 4 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 18 - 2359
Temperature range (°C): 14.203 - 27.398
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.483 - 2.393
Salinity (PPS): 35.461 - 38.792
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.403 - 4.766
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.077 - 0.286
Silicate (umol/l): 1.934 - 3.646
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 18 - 2359
Temperature range (°C): 14.203 - 27.398
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.483 - 2.393
Salinity (PPS): 35.461 - 38.792
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.403 - 4.766
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.077 - 0.286
Silicate (umol/l): 1.934 - 3.646
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Associations
Known predators
Scorpaena guttata
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Chondrichthyes
Scombridae
Actinopterygii
phytoplankton
Octopus
Decapoda
Stomatopoda
Anomura
Based on studies in:
USA: California, Southern California (Marine, Sublittoral)
Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands shelf (Reef)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
© SPIRE project
Source:
SPIRE
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Known prey organisms
Actinopterygii
decomposers/microfauna
phytoplankton
organic stuff
Octopus
Decapoda
Stomatopoda
Anomura
Gastropoda
Scaphopoda
Neoloricata
Priapula
Polychaeta
Ophiuroidea
Bivalvia
Based on studies in:
Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands shelf (Reef)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
© SPIRE project
Source:
SPIRE
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Octopus cf. wolfi
Public Records: 0
Species: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Octopus cf. bocki
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Wikipedia
Octopus (genus)
Octopus is the largest genus of octopuses, comprising more than 100 species. These species are widespread throughout the world's oceans.
Species
- Genus Octopus
- Octopus adamsi *[citation needed]
- Octopus alatus *[citation needed]
- Octopus alecto
- Octopus alpheus, Capricorn Night Octopus
- Octopus araneoides *[citation needed]
- Octopus arborescens
- Octopus aspilosomatis, Plain-body Night Octopus
- Octopus australis, Hammer Octopus
- Octopus balboai
- Octopus berrima, Southern Keeled Octopus
- Octopus bimaculatus, California Two-spot Octopus or Verrill's Two-spot Octopus
- Octopus bimaculoides, California Two-Spot Octopus
- Octopus bocki, Bock's Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus briareus, Caribbean Reef Octopus
- Octopus brocki *
- Octopus bulbus
- Octopus bunurong, Southern White-spot Octopus
- Octopus californicus, North Pacific Bigeye Octopus
- Octopus campbelli
- Octopus carolinensis, Carolinian Octopus
- Octopus chierchiae
- Octopus conispadiceus, Chestnut Octopus
- Octopus cyanea, Big Blue Octopus or Cyane's Octopus,
- Octopus defilippi, Atlantic Longarm Octopus or Lilliput Longarm Octopus
- Octopus dierythraeus, Red-spot Night Octopus
- Octopus digueti, Diguet's Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus diminutus[1]
- Octopus favonius
- Octopus filamentosus
- Octopus fitchi, Fitch's Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus fujitai
- Octopus gardineri
- Octopus gibbsi
- Octopus globosus, Globe Octopus
- Octopus gorgonus[2]
- Octopus graptus, Sribbled Night Octopus
- Octopus guangdongensis
- Octopus hardwickei
- Octopus harpedon
- Octopus hattai
- Octopus hongkongensis
- Octopus hubbsorum, Hubb's Octopus
- Octopus humilis[2]
- Octopus hummelincki, Bumblebee Two-spot Octopus or Caribbean Two-spot Octopus [3]
- Octopus incella
- Octopus insularis[4]
- Octopus joubini, Atlantic Pygmy Octopus or Small-egg Caribbean Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus kaharoa
- Octopus kaurna, Southern Sand Octopus
- Octopus laqueus
- Octopus lobensis, Lobed Octopus *
- Octopus longispadiceus
- Octopus luteus, Starry Night Octopus
- Octopus macropus, Atlantic White-spotted Octopus
- Octopus maorum, Maori Octopus
- Octopus mariles[2]
- Octopus maya, Mexican Four-eyed Octopus
- Octopus mercatoris *
- Octopus mernoo
- Octopus microphthalmus
- Octopus micropyrsus, California Octopus
- Octopus micros
- Octopus mimus
- Octopus minor[citation needed]
- Octopus mutilans
- Octopus nanhaiensis
- Octopus nanus
- Octopus niveus
- Octopus nocturnus
- Octopus occidentalis
- Octopus ochotensis
- Octopus oculifer, Galapagos Reef Octopus
- Octopus oliveri
- Octopus ornatus, White Striped Octopus
- Octopus oshimai
- Octopus ovulum *[citation needed]
- Octopus pallidus, Pale Octopus
- Octopus parvus, Japanese Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus penicillifer
- Octopus pentherinus *[citation needed]
- Octopus prashadi
- Octopus pricei *
- Octopus pumilus
- Octopus pyrum
- Octopus rapanui
- Octopus roosevelti
- Octopus rubescens, East Pacific Red Octopus
- Octopus salutii, Spider Octopus
- Octopus sanctaehelenae
- Octopus sasakii
- Octopus selene, Moon Octopus
- Octopus spinosus *[citation needed]
- Octopus superciliosus, Frilled Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus taprobanensis *[citation needed]
- Octopus tehuelchus, Tehuelche Octopus
- Octopus tenebricus
- Octopus tetricus, Gloomy Octopus or Common Sydney Octopus
- Octopus tsugarensis *
- Octopus validus
- Octopus veligero, Veiled Octopus
- Octopus verrucosus
- Octopus vitiensis, Bighead Octopus
- Octopus vulgaris, Common Octopus
- Octopus warringa, Club Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus winckworthi
- Octopus wolfi, Star-sucker Pygmy Octopus
- Octopus yendoi *[citation needed]
- Octopus zonatus, Atlantic Banded Octopus
- White V Octopus, "Blandopus", [5][Full citation needed]
The species listed above with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Kaneko, N. & Kubodera, T. (2008). "Two new species of pygmy octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from deep water off the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan." Molluscan Research 28(3): 145–157.
- ^ a b c Huffard, C.L. 2007. Four new species of shallow water pygmy octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Kingdom of Tonga. Molluscan Research 27(3): 147–170.
- ^ Octopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): specific name conserved
- ^ Leite, T. S.; Haimovici, M.; Molina, W.; Warnke, K. (2007). "Morphological and genetic description of Octopus insularis, a new cryptic species in the Octopus vulgaris complex (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic". Journal of Molluscan Studies 74 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym050.
- ^ Octopus sp. 18 'Lembeh', BiolJLinnSoc93:23.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
Pinnoctopus
Pinnoctopus is a genus of octopuses in the family Octopodidae.
Species
Taxonomic note
ITIS treats Pinnoctopus as a synonym of Octopus Cuvier, 1797.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
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