The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

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• 3. Rouse, Greg W., Fredrik Pleijel, and Damhnait McHugh. “Annelida: Segmented Worms: Bristleworms, Ragworms, Earthworms, Leeches and their Allies.” Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. 16 Aug. 2011. http://tolweb.org/Annelida/2486
• Aguinaldo, A. M. A., J. M. Turbeville, L. S. Linford, M. C. Rivera, J. R. Garey, R. A. Raff, and J. A. Lake. 1997. Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals. Nature 387:489-493.
• Bartolomaeus, T. 1995. Structure and formation of the uncini in Pectinaria koreni, Pectinaria auricoma (Terebellida) and Spirorbis spirorbis (Sabellida): implications for annelid phylogeny and the position of the Pogonophora. Zoomorph. 115:161-177.
• Brown, S., G. Rouse, P. Hutchings, and D. Colgan. 1999. Assessing the usefulness of histone H3, U2 snRNA and 28S rDNA in analyses of polychaete relationships. Aust. J. Zool. 47:499-516.
• Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. xiii + 992
• Coll M, Piroddi C, Steenbeek J, Kaschner K, Ben Rais Lasram F, et al. 2010. The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11842. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011842
• Costello MJ, Coll M, Danovaro R, Halpin P, Ojaveer H, et al. 2010. A Census of Marine Biodiversity Knowledge, Resources, and Future Challenges. PLoS ONE 5(8): e12110. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012110
• Cowles, D., Dyer A., & McFadden M. (2002). Key to Invertebrates Found At or Near The Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory. 2011,
• Cuvier, G. 1817. Le régne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Deterville, Paris.
• Eibye-Jacobsen, D., and R. M. Kristensen. 1994. A new genus and species of Dorvilleidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Bermuda, with a phylogenetic analysis of Dorvilleidae, Iphitimidae and Dinophilidae. Zool. Scri. 23:107-131.
• Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County. Sci. Ser. 28:1-188.
• Fauchald, K., and G. W. Rouse. 1997. Polychaete systematics: Past and present. Zool. Scr. 26:71-138.
• Fautin D, Dalton P, Incze LS, Leong J-AC, Pautzke C, et al. 2010. An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United States Waters. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11914. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011914
• Gibson, G., Paterson I. G., Taylor H., & Woolridge B. (1999). Molecular and morphological evidence of a single species, Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with multiple development modes. Marine Biology. 134(4),
• Griffiths CL, Robinson TB, Lange L, Mead A, 2010. Marine Biodiversity in South Africa: An Evaluation of Current States of Knowledge. PLoS ONE 5(8): e12008. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012008
• Hadhazy A. 2009. Shining Examples: 10 Bioluminescent Creatures that Glow in Surprising Ways [Slide Show].
  http://www.scientificamerican.com/slideshow.cfm?id=bioluminescent-avatar&photo_id=A2922C17-B1FA-8BD4-2154DFB27BFAE416.
• Hessling, R., and W. Westheide. 2002. Are Echiura derived from a segmented ancestor? Immunohistochemical analysis of the nervous system in developmental stages of Bonellia viridis. J. Morph. 252:100-113.
• Jamieson, B. G. M. 1981. The ultrastructure of the Oligochaeta. Academic Press, London.
• Knight-Jones, P., & Knight-Jones E. W. (1991). Ecology and distribution of Serpuloidea (Polychaeta) round South America. (PetersenM E., KirkegaardJ B., Ed.).Ophelia, Suppl. 5. Systematics, biology and morphology of world Polychaeta; 2nd International Polychaete Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 18-23, 1986. 723. 5, 579-586. Helsingor, Denmark. Illus. Maps.: Ophelia Publications.
• Kudenov, J. D. (1975). Errant polychaetes from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Journal of Natural History. 9(1), 65-91.
• Lamarck, J.-B. d. 1802. La nouvelle classes des Annélides. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris An X:Disc. d'ouverture, 27 Floréal (Reprinted in 1907 in Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique 60:56).
• Lüter, C. 2000a. Ultrastructure of larval and adult setae of Brachiopoda. Zoologischer Anzeiger 239:75-90.
• Lüter, C. 2000b. The origin of the coelom in Brachiopoda and its phylogenetic significance. Zoomorph. 120:15-28.
• Lüter, C., and T. Bartolomaeus. 1997. The phylogenetic position of Brachiopoda- a comparison of morphological and molecular data. Zool. Scri. 26:245-253.
• M. J. Burgis, I. G. Dunn, G. G. Ganf, L. M. McGowan and A. B. Viner, Lake George, Uganda: Studies on a tropical freshwater ecosystem. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (Polish Scientific, Warsaw, 1972), p
• Martin, P. 2001. On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta. Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 268:1089-1098.
• Mayer, Alfred Goldsborough. 1906. Sea-Shore Life : the Invertebrates of the New York Coast and the Adjacent Coast Region. New York City, NY : A. S. Barnes & Company; Fig.41
• McHugh, D. 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:8006-8009.
• McHugh, D. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of the Annelida. Can. J. Zool. 78:1873-1884.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) at http://www.nbii.gov
• Newby, W. W. 1940. The embryology of the echiuroid worm Urechis caupo. Mem. Am. phil. Soc. 16:1-219.
• Nielsen, C. 1995. Animal evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Purschke, G., R. Hessling, and W. Westheide. 2000. The phylogenetic position of the Clitellata and the Echiura - on the problematic assessment of absent characters. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 38:165-173.
• R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 272 (1947).
• Reads, G. (2004). Shell worm Boccardia proboscidea, NWA Guide to Polychaetes..
• Rouse, G. W. 2001. A cladistic analysis of Siboglinidae Caullery, 1914 (Polychaeta, Annelida): formerly the phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132:55-80.
• Rouse, G. W., and F. Pleijel. 2001. Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, London.
• Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1995. The articulation of annelids. Zool. Scr. 24:269-301.
• Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zool. Scr. 26:139-204.
• Rudie NG; Mulkerrin MG; Wampler JE. 1981. Earthworm bioluminescence: characterization of high specific activity Diplocardia longa luciferase and the reaction it catalyzes. Biochemistry. 20(2): 344–350.
• Sawyer, R. T. 1986. Leech biology and behaviour. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
• Sedgwick, A. 1898. A student's textbook of zoology. Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd., London.
• Siddall, M. E., K. Apakupakul, E. M. Burreson, K. A. Coates, C. Erseus, S. R. Gelder, M. Kallersjo, and H. Trapido-Rosenthal. 2001. Validating Livanow: Molecular data agree that leeches, branchiobdellidans, and Acanthobdella peledina form a monophyletic group of oligochaetes. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 21:346-351.
• Stechmann, A., and M. Schlegel. 1999. Analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa places Brachiopoda within the protostomes. Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 266:2043-2052.
• Storch, V. 1968. Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der segmentalen Muskelsysteme und zur Verwandtschaft der Polychaeten-Familien. Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere 63:251-342.
• W. A. Niering, Terrestrial ecology of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands, Ecol. Monogr. 33(2):131-160, from p. 157 (1963).
• Westheide, W. 1997. The direction of evolution within the Polychaeta. J. Nat. Hist. 31:1-15.
• Westheide, W., D. McHugh, G. Purschke, and G. W. Rouse. 1999. Systematization of the Annelida: different approaches. Hydrobiol. 402:291-307.
• [Anonymous] (2002). NIMPIS Boccardia proboscidea species summary.. (C.L. H., R.B. M., C. S., F.R. M., Ed.).2010,
• [Anonymous] (2009). Poliquetos (Annelida: Polychaeta) de México y America Tropical. (De León-GonzálezJ A., Bastida-ZavalaJ R., Carrera-ParraL F., García-GarzaM E., Peña-RiveraA., Salazar-VallejoS I., Solís-WeissV., Ed.).Poliquetos (Annelida: Polychaeta) de México y America Tropical. 737. Monterrey, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.