Liza ramada — Details

Thin-lipped Grey Mullet learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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A pelagic species occurring near shore, entering lagoons and lower reaches of rivers; often in polluted waters (Ref. 59043). Migratory species (Ref. 51442). Spawning takes place at sea near the coast during gatherings between September and February (Ref. 30578, Ref. 51442). The eggs develop in the sea and juveniles colonize the littoral zone and estuaries (Ref. 51442). The adults enter the lower parts of the rivers (Ref. 51442). They live usually inshore, entering lagoons and estuaries and rivers between temperatures 8-24°C. Feed on epiphytic algae, detritus and small benthic or planktonic organisms, pelagic eggs and larvae. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).

Thomson, J.M. 1990 Mugilidae. p. 855-859. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7399) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7399&speccode=22487

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Distribution

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Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone, Black Sea, British Isles, European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Israeli part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin, Knokke, Oostende, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, Westerschelde, Wimereux, Zeeschelde

Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9269
Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1
IMERS http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9162
Van Damme, P.A.; Hostens, K.; Ollevier, F.P. (1994). Fish species of the lower Zeeschelde (Belgium): a comparison with historical checklists. Belg. J. Zool. 124(2): 93-103 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132986
Vanderperren, J.-P. (1989). The Natural History Archive 1988 [Het Natuurhistorisch Archief 1988]. De Strandvlo 9(4): 89-90 http://www.marinespecies.org/mollusca/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=139289
Eneman, E. (1982). Year report on fish distribution records in the Ostend harbour area [Jaarverslag aangaande viswaarnemingen in het havengebied van Oostende]. De Strandvlo 2(1): 21-24 http://www.fishbase.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=141423
Mees, J. (1994). Het hyperbenthos van ondiepe kustgebieden en estuaria: gemeenschapsstruktuur en biologie van de dominante soorten [The hyperbenthos of shallow coastal waters and estuaries: community structure and biology of the dominant species]. PhD Thesis. Universiteit Gent. Mariene Biologie. Instituut voor Dierkunde. Vakgroep Morfologie, Systematiek en Ecologie: Gent, Belgium. 212 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=815
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
Galil, B.; Goren, M.; Mienis, H. (2011). Checklist of marine species in Israel. Compiled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149096
A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149025
Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
Breine, J.; Stevens, M.; Van den Bergh, E.; Maes, J. (2011). A reference list of fish species for a heavily modified transitional water: The Zeeschelde (Belgium) Belg. J. Zool. 141(1): 44-55 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=156540
Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013]. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=165516

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Eastern Atlantic: from the coasts of southern Norway to Morocco, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 2804, Ref. 51442). Records of its occurrence in tropical waters are based on misidentifications (Ref. 3573).

Thomson, J.M. 1986 Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3573&speccode=4995

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Range Description

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Mediterranean, Black Sea, Azov Sea and Eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde and Senegal to southern Baltic and British Isles (not reaching northern Scotland). Migrates north during summer. Landlocked population in Fratel reservoir, Portugal. Introduced in Lake Kinneret (Israel).

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Western Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Southern Norway to Senegal including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands.

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&speccode=4683

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Size

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Maximum size: 700 mm TL

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Max. size

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70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4645)); max. published weight: 2,900 g (Ref. 40476); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 40476)

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&speccode=4683
Muus, B. and P. DahlstrÃ¶m 1978 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4645&speccode=23

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Diagnostic Description

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Fusiform body (Ref. 51442). Massive head, flattened above the eyes (Ref. 51442). Small mouth (Ref. 51442). Snout short and blunt (Ref. 51442). Two dorsal fins well-separated, the first with 4 to 5 spines (Ref. 40476, Ref. 51442). Pectoral fins are placed high on the flanks (Ref. 51442). Large scales (Ref. 51442). Dorsal sides and flanks gray-colored, ventral side white (Ref. 51442).

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&speccode=4683

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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pelagic-neritic; catadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - ? m (Ref. 30578)

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
Billard, R. 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des riviÃ¨res de France. Identification, inventaire et rÃ©partition des 83 espÃ¨ces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30578&speccode=45

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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Habitat:
Pelagic near shore, entering lagoons and lower reaches of rivers, often found in polluted waters. Spawns offshore at sea.

Biology:
Usually lives in schools. Males reproduce for the first time at 2-3 years, females at four or later. Females somewhat larger than males. Spawns several million pelagic eggs in September-December, April-July on British coast. Juveniles around 20 mm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in autumn and especially winter. Juveniles feed on zooplankton until about 30 mm SL, then on benthic animals and plants. Adults filter algae, vegetal detritus and sediment.

Systems

Freshwater
Marine

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Depth range based on 31 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 13.5 - 169
  Temperature range (°C): 12.241 - 12.241
  Nitrate (umol/L): 4.235 - 4.235
  Salinity (PPS): 35.415 - 35.415
  Oxygen (ml/l): 5.632 - 5.632
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.247
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.255 - 2.255

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 13.5 - 169

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Migration

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Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Trophic Strategy

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Migratory species (Ref. 51442). The eggs develop in the sea and juveniles colonize the littoral zone and estuaries (Ref. 51442). The adults enter the lower parts of the rivers (Ref. 51442). They live usually inshore, entering lagoons and estuaries and rivers between temperatures 8-24°C. Feed on epiphytic algae, detritus and small benthic or planktonic organisms, pelagic eggs and larvae. Omnivorous fish feeding on the nutrients, animals and plants on the surface of the bottom or rocks (Ref. 51442).

Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa 1992 Trophic relationships in the community of the Upper Tagus Estuary (Portugal: a preliminary approach. Estuar. Coast. Shelf-Sci. 34:617-623. (Ref. 4944) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4944&speccode=4583

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Associations

Known prey organisms

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Liza ramada (Chelon labrosus, Liza ramada, L. aurata) preys on:
Enteromorpha
Ulva
detritus

Based on studies in:
Portugal (Estuarine)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

L. Saldanha, Estudio Ambiental do Estuario do Tejo, Publ. no. 5(4) (CNA/Tejo, Lisbon, 1980).

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Diseases and Parasites

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Heterophyes Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)

Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45600&speccode=1276

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Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases

Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48851&speccode=2594

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Spawning takes place at sea near the coast by gathering in groups between September and February (Ref. 51442). The eggs develop at sea (Ref. 51442). The juveniles then colonize the littoral zone and the estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults enter the lower parts of the rivers and treturn to the sea to spawn (Ref. 51442).

Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell 1992 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6258&speccode=4472

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Liza ramado

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

No available public DNA sequences.

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Liza ramado

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode data: Liza ramada

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

No available public DNA sequences.

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Liza ramada

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 7
Specimens with Barcodes: 10
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2008

Assessor/s

Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.

Reviewer/s

Bogutskaya, N., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)

Justification

A widespread species with no known major widespread threats.

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Trends

Population

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Population

Abundant.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Major Threats

No major threats known.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

No information.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12108&speccode=4683
International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590

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Wikipedia

Thinlip mullet

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The thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) is a species of fish in the Mugilidae family. It is found in shallow European waters and is a migratory species.

Contents

1 Description
2 Distribution
3 References
4 External links

Description

The thinlip mullet has an elongate body compressed laterally. The head is short and flattened and the mouth is broad with a narrow upper lip and no tubercles. There are two dorsal fins. It is steely blue above and paler beneath. The scales are large and there is no externally visible lateral line.^[2] The largest specimens recorded weighed over three kilograms.^[3]

Distribution

The thinlip mullet is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Cape Verde and Senegal north to the Baltic Sea. It is also found in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Azov Sea.^[1]

References

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