Arothron hispidus — Details

Stripedbelly Blowfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Inhabit outer reef slopes to depths of at least 50 m, inner reef flats and lagoons. Juveniles common in weedy areas of estuaries (Ref. 4919). Also found in coastal bays and estuaries, usually near rocky reef or on sand-stretches between reefs with low algae-rubble reef to about 20 meters depth, or in shallow with sparse seagrass growth (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Usually solitary and territorial on sandy to rubble areas. Feed on fleshy, calcareous, or coralline algae, detritus, mollusks, tunicates, sponges, corals, zoanthid anemones, crabs, tube worms and echinoderms (Ref. 1602).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Description

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Common names: puffer (English), tamboril (Espanol), botete (Espanol)

Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)

White-spotted puffer

Heavy round body; head large, blunt; snout short; nasal organ is a double tentacle, with minute pits on opposing surfaces of each tentacle; eyes high on sides of head; jaws are a heavy beak composed of 4 fused heavy powerful teeth with a central suture on each jaw; a slit-like gill opening in front of the pectoral fin base; a single short- based dorsal fin at rear of body; a similar-shaped anal fin below the dorsal; dorsal rays 10-11; anal rays 10-11; pectoral rays 17-19; no pelvic fins; no spines in the fins; tail base as long as deep; tail fin rounded, with 10 main rays; tough scaleless skin, small spinules on head and body except snout and posterior tail base; no fleshy skin flaps.

Greyish to greenish brown with small white spots dorsally, shading to white below with curved dark stripes; pectoral base and gill opening alternately circled by narrow white and black bands.

Size: reaches 50 cm.

Inhabits shallow coral and rocky reefs and nearby soft bottoms.

Depth: 1-90 m.

Widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific; northern Baja to Ecuador (except for the Gulf of California) and all the oceanic islands except Clipperton.

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Distribution

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Indo-Pacific : Red Sea and East Africa (Ref. 4919) to Panama, north to southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Eastern Pacific: Baja California and the Gulf of California to Panama (Ref. 9349, 11482).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Red Sea, Reunion, Seychelles, South Africa (country)

MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds) (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6266
Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
Randall, J.E. (1992). Red Sea Reef Fishes. Immel Publishing. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6091
Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
Smith, J.L.B. & M.M. Smith (1963). The fishes of Seychelles. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University. Grahamstown. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5926
Bock, K.R. (1996). Checklist of the reef fishes of Diani and Galu, Kenya. Journal of East African natural History 85: 5-22. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6357
Bock, K.R. (1975). Preliminary checklist of the fishes of the south bank, Kilifi Creek, Kenya. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 148. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6136

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Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.

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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 1 (S) - 90 (S)

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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Global Endemism: All species, TEP non-endemic, Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans), "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific), All Pacific (West + Central + East)

Regional Endemism: All species, Eastern Pacific non-endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 10 - 11

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Size

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Length max (cm): 50.0 (S)

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Size

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Maximum size: 500 mm TL

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Max. size

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50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30874)); max. published weight: 2,010 g (Ref. 40637)

IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&speccode=943
Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30874&speccode=10294

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Diagnostic Description

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The body is generally greenish-brown in color, the back, sides and caudal fin profusely speckled with white spots, and the belly marked with white bars. A single bent lateral line. Body with small spines except around snout and caudal peduncle. Each nostril with two fleshy solid tentacles. Restricted gill opening.

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Description

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Inhabits outer reef slopes to depths of at least 50 m, inner reef flats and lagoons and estuaries. Usually solitary and territorial on sandy to rubbly areas rather than on coral-rich areas. Occurs at 25 °C. Feeds on fleshy, calcareous, or coralline algae, detritus, molluscs, tunicates, sponges, corals, zoanthid anemones, crabs, tube worms and echinoderms.

Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 3 - 50 m

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Depth range based on 83 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 22 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.1 - 120
  Temperature range (°C): 19.831 - 28.954
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.006 - 5.562
  Salinity (PPS): 32.183 - 35.345
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.008 - 4.951
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.628
  Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 14.847

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.1 - 120

Temperature range (°C): 19.831 - 28.954

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.006 - 5.562

Salinity (PPS): 32.183 - 35.345

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.008 - 4.951

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.628

Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 14.847

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Depth: 3 - 50m.
From 3 to 50 meters.

Habitat: reef-associated. Whitespotted puffer. Linnaeus, 1758 Attains about 50 cm.

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Rocks, Corals, Reef and soft bottom, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom), Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Sand & gravel, Estuary

FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated

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Trophic Strategy

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Solitary and slow moving. The species occurs in a wide range of habitats from estuaries and inner reef flats and lagoons to a depth of at least 50 m on outer reef slopes. It tends to be more common in sandy to rubble areas than in coral-rich areas. It feeds both during night and day on a wide range of marine organisms, including some algae (Ref. 11889). Omnivore (Ref. 57615).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Omnivore

Diet: benthic microalgae, benthic macroalgae, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves, sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins, sponges/seasquirts/bryozoa, soft corals/hydroids, hard corals, sessile worms

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Associations

Known prey organisms

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Arothron hispidus preys on:
Acanthaster planci

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org

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Diseases and Parasites

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Paracardicola Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)

Martin, W.E. 1960 Hawaiian helminths. IV. Paracardicola hawaiensis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae) from the Balloon fish, Tetraodon hispidus L. J. Parasit. 46(5):648-650. (Ref. 46260) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46260&speccode=5425

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Benthic, Pelagic larva

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Arothron hispidus

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 8 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

ACACGCTGATTTTTCTCAACCAACCATAAAGACATCGGCACCCTCTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTGGGAACGGCCCTT---AGCCTTCTCATTCGGGCTGAACTCAGCCAACCAGGCGCACTCCTGGGCGAT---GACCAGATTTATAATGTAATCGTCACAGCCCACGCATTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATGATTGGTGGCTTCGGGAACTGACTAGTACCACTTATG---ATCGGAGCCCCCGACATGGCGTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTTTGACTACTTCCCCCTTCCTTTCTCCTTCTCCTAGCGTCCTCCGGCGTAGAGGCAGGGGCTGGCACAGGCTGAACCGTCTACCCACCATTAGCAGGCAATTTAGCCCACGCAGGAGCATCCGTCGACCTT---ACCATTTTCTCCCTTCACCTAGCAGGTGTCTCATCAATCCTTGGCGCCATTAACTTCATCACCACAATTATTAACATAAAACCCCCAGCCATCTCTCAGTACCAAACGCCCCTATTCGTATGGGCCGTTTTAATTACTGCCGTCCTCCTATTACTATCCCTGCCAGTCCTTGCAGCA---GGAATCACAATGCTCCTCACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACCACCTTCTTCGACCCTGCAGGCGGAGGAGACCCCATCCTCTACCAACACTTATTCTGATTCTTTGGCCACCCAGAAGTATACATTCTCATCCTGCCCGGCTTTGGAATGATTTCCCACATCGTAGCATACTATGCCGGCAAAAAA---GAACCATTCGGCTACATGGGCATGGTCTGAGCCATAATGGCCATTGGCCTCCTGGGCTTTATCGTATGGGCCCACCACATGTTTACAGTAGGAATGGACGTTGACACCCGAGCTTACTTTACATCCGCCACAATAATCATCGCCATCCCCACCGGTGTAAAAGTATTCAGCTGACTA---GCCACCCTCCATGGCGGC---TCCATTAAATGGGAAACCCCAATACTCTGGGCCCTAGGCTTCATTTTCCTTTTCACCGTAGGCGGGCTAACAGGGATCGTTTTAGCCAACTCTTCCCTAGACATTGTCCTACACGACACCTACTACGTAGTTGCCCACTTCCACTACGTA---CTCTCAATGGGAGCTGTCTTTGCCATCATGGGGGCCTTCGTGCACTGATTCCCGCTATTCTCCGGCTACACCCTTCACAGCACCTGAACAAAAATCCACTTCGTGGTGATGTTTGTAGGTGTCAACCTAACCTTCTTCCCCCAGCACTTCCTCGGACTCGCCGGAATGCCTCGT---CGATACTCAGACTACCCCGATGCCTACGCA---CTATGAAACACAGTCTCATCTATTGGCTCTCTAATCTCGCTTGTCGCAGTCATTATGTTCCTATTCATCCTCTGAGAAGCATTCGCTGCCAAACGTGAAGTT---GAATCAGTTGAACTAACTATAACAAAC
-- end --

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Arothron hispidus

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 12
Specimens with Barcodes: 43
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Genomic DNA is available from 1 specimen with morphological vouchers housed at Florida Museum of Natural History

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Conservation

Conservation Status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed

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Threats

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Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family

Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5358&speccode=4306

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Wikipedia

White-spotted puffer

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The white-spotted puffer, Arothron hispidus, is a medium sized puffer fish, light grey in color with small white spots. It also has concentric contrasting white and dark grey lines that radiate around the eyes and pectoral fins, and this pattern gave rise to its alternate name stars and stripes puffer.

Found in: South-East Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean, east Pacific Ocean
Depth range: (3–35) metres
Habitat: Reefs, lagoons, estuaries, tidal pools, possibly bigger aquariums
Diet: Fleshy calcareous or coralline algae, molluscs, tunicates, sponges, corals, zoanthids, crabs, polychaete worms, starfish, urchins, krill, silversides
Activity: Juveniles found in weedy estuaries. Adults nocturnal, solitary, territorial.
Semi-aggressive
Maximum Length: 50 cm.

References

White-spotted puffers are often found in sea grass areas.

"Arothron hispidus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173309. Retrieved 30 January 2006.
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Arothron hispidus" in FishBase. November 2006 version.

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